@prefix dbpedia: .
@prefix dbpedia-owl: .
@prefix dc: .
@prefix dcterms: .
@prefix knowmak: .
@prefix nsubj: .
@prefix nterm: .
@prefix owl: .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix rdfs: .
@prefix skos: .
@prefix xml: .
@prefix xsd: .
knowmak:keywords "3D printed models",
"FDM",
"SDL",
"additive manufacturing",
"desktop manufacturing",
"fused deposit modeling",
"on-demand manufacturin",
"rapid manufacturing",
"stereolithography" .
knowmak:H2020_objective a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:active_ageing_and_self_management_of_health a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Active ageing and self management of health",
"active ageing and self-management of health",
"self-management of health" ;
knowmak:H2020_objective "SC1-PM-12-2016: PCP - eHealth innovation in empowering the patient",
"SC1-PM-13-2016: PPI for deployment and scaling up of ICT solutions for active and healthy ageing",
"SC1-PM-14-2016: EU-Japan cooperation on Novel ICT Robotics based solutions for active and healthy ageing at home or in care facilities",
"SC1-PM-15-2017: Personalised coaching for well-being and care of people as they age" ;
knowmak:description "Active ageing and self-management of health." ;
knowmak:keywords "ageing population",
"elderly",
"elderly care",
"elderly employment",
"elderly isolation",
"loneliness",
"old age care",
"preventing loneliness",
"senior care" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 1 ;
rdf:Description "Active ageing and self-management of health" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:health ;
skos:prefLabel "active ageing" .
knowmak:actuator_technologies a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Actuator technologies" ;
knowmak:description "Actuator technologies." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 2 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "actuator technologies" .
knowmak:advanced_biomaterials a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Advanced biomaterials",
"advanced bio-materials" ;
knowmak:description "Bioengineered materials, biosynthetics, nanofibers, catalyst. Advanced bio-materials. Advanced biomaterials." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 3 ;
rdf:Description "bioengineered materials, biosynthetics, nanofibers, catalyst" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_materials ;
skos:prefLabel "advanced biomaterials" .
knowmak:advanced_ceramics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Advanced ceramics" ;
knowmak:description "Nanoceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, nanocrystals. Advanced ceramics." ;
knowmak:keywords "barium titanate ceramic",
"baxsr1",
"ferromagnetics",
"gel casting",
"gelcasting",
"lead-free ceramics",
"lead-free piezoelectrics",
"multilayer ceramic capacitor",
"nanoceramics",
"nanocrystals",
"piezoelectric ceramics",
"si3n4",
"si3n4 ceramic",
"silicon nitride ceramic",
"solid oxide fuel cells",
"transparent ceramics" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 4 ;
rdf:Description "nanoceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, nanocrystals," ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_materials ;
skos:prefLabel "advanced ceramics" .
knowmak:advanced_materials_for_manufacturing a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Advanced materials for manufacturing",
"advanced manufacturing materials" ;
knowmak:description "Advanced materials for manufacturing. Advanced manufacturing materials." ;
knowmak:keywords "Materials processing technologies",
"Materials production technologies",
"Product assembly technologies",
"Rapid prototyping technologies" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 7 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_manufacturing_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "advanced materials for manufacturing" .
knowmak:advanced_metals a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Advanced metals" ;
knowmak:description "Advanced stainless steel, super-alloys, intermetallics. Advanced metals." ;
knowmak:keywords "advanced stainless steel",
"intermetallics",
"super-alloys" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 8 ;
rdf:Description "Advanced stainless steel, super-alloys, intermetallics" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_materials ;
skos:prefLabel "advanced metals" .
knowmak:advanced_polymers a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Advanced polymers" ;
knowmak:description "Synthetic engineering-nonconducting polymers, engineered plastics, conducting polymers or organic-electronic materials OPEs, advanced coatings, advanced/nanofibers, etc. Advanced polymers." ;
knowmak:keywords "Advanced bio based polymers",
"Advanced bio-based polymers",
"Advanced synthetic polymers",
"OPEs",
"advanced coatings",
"advanced nanofibers",
"conducting polymers",
"engineered plastics",
"granules",
"organic-electronic materials",
"synthetic engineering-nonconducting polymers",
"synthetic polymers" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 9 ;
rdf:Description "synthetic engineering-nonconducting polymers, engineered plastics, conducting polymers or organic-electronic materials OPEs, advanced coatings, advanced/nanofibers, etc," ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_materials ;
skos:prefLabel "advanced polymers" .
knowmak:advanced_superconductors a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Advanced superconductors" ;
knowmak:description "Advanced superconductors." ;
knowmak:keywords "superconductor" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 10 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_materials ;
skos:prefLabel "advanced superconductors" .
knowmak:aeronautics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Aeronautics",
"aerospace" ;
knowmak:description "Aircraft; aviation; cosmonautics. Aerospace technology. Aeronautics." ;
knowmak:keywords "airport" ;
knowmak:patentKeywords "Aircraft; aviation; cosmonautics" ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Aerospace technology" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 11 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:transport ;
skos:prefLabel "aeronautics" .
knowmak:agriculture_and_forestry a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Agriculture and forestry",
"forestry" ;
knowmak:description "Veterinary and animal sciences. Agricultural biotechnology. Agriculture and forestry." ;
knowmak:keywords "Agricultural biotechnology",
"Agriculture/forestry",
"agriculture industrilization",
"agroecology",
"bioproduction",
"commercial farming",
"cover crops",
"crop diversity",
"crop variety",
"food biodiversit",
"glyphosate",
"pesticides",
"smallhold farmers",
"sustainable crops",
"urban agriculture" ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Agricultural biotechnology",
"Agriculture",
"Veterinary and animal sciences" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 12 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:bioeconomy ;
skos:prefLabel "agriculture" .
knowmak:air_quality_management a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Air quality management",
"air quality" ;
knowmak:description "Air quality management." ;
knowmak:keywords "CO2 emissions",
"Paris Climate Agreement",
"air pollution",
"air quality",
"ambient air pollution",
"atmosphere",
"carbon absorptive materials",
"carbon dioxide emissions",
"carbon emissions",
"carbon monoxide",
"carbonaceous aerosol",
"carbonyl compound",
"clean air",
"cleaner air",
"dicarboxylic acid",
"diesel exhaust particle",
"emission control",
"emissions",
"formaldehyde exposure",
"greenhouse gas emissions",
"idiopathic environmental intolerance",
"indoor air quality",
"low carbon content materials",
"methane",
"multiple chemical sensitivity",
"natural ventilation",
"net zero greenhouse gas emission balance",
"net zero greenhouse-gas-emission balance",
"new particle formation",
"nitrogen dioxide",
"organic aerosol",
"ozone",
"ozone pollution",
"radiation",
"radiation levels",
"source apportionment",
"thermal comfort",
"troposphere",
"tropospheric emission" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 13 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:climate_change_and_the_environment ;
skos:prefLabel "air quality management" .
knowmak:alternative_fuels a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Alternative fuels" ;
knowmak:description "Alternative fuels." ;
knowmak:keywords "bio waste",
"biowaste" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 15 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "alternative fuels" .
knowmak:animal_biotechnology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Animal biotechnology" ;
knowmak:description "Animal biotechnology is a branch of biotechnology in which molecular biology techniques are used to genetically engineer (i.e. modify the genome of) animals in order to improve their suitability for pharmaceutical, agricultural or industrial applications. Animal biotechnology has been used to produce genetically modified animals that synthesize therapeutic proteins, have improved growth rates or are resistant to disease. Cloning is a method that is used to produce genetically identical copies of pieces of DNA, cells or organisms. Cloning methods include: molecular cloning, which makes copies of pieces of DNA; cellular cloning, which makes copies of a cell; and whole organism cloning. All cloning methods involve DNA and cell manipulation. Genetic engineering is the act of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism. Modifications can be generated by methods such as gene targeting, nuclear transplantation, transfection of synthetic chromosomes or viral insertion. Selective breeding is not considered a form of genetic engineering." ;
knowmak:keywords "Cloning",
"Genetic engineering" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 16 ;
rdf:Description "Animal biotechnology is a branch of biotechnology in which molecular biology techniques are used to genetically engineer (i.e. modify the genome of) animals in order to improve their suitability for pharmaceutical, agricultural or industrial applications. Animal biotechnology has been used to produce genetically modified animals that synthesize therapeutic proteins, have improved growth rates or are resistant to disease.",
"Cloning is a method that is used to produce genetically identical copies of pieces of DNA, cells or organisms. Cloning methods include: molecular cloning, which makes copies of pieces of DNA; cellular cloning, which makes copies of a cell; and whole organism cloning. All cloning methods involve DNA and cell manipulation.",
"Genetic engineering is the act of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism. Modifications can be generated by methods such as gene targeting, nuclear transplantation, transfection of synthetic chromosomes or viral insertion. Selective breeding is not considered a form of genetic engineering." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "animal biotechnology" .
knowmak:applied_immunology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Applied immunology" ;
knowmak:description "Vaccines are a clinical product that is composed of live or dead material from an infectious agent – bacterium, virus, fungus or parasite – that elicit protective immunity against the pathogen when administered. These substances are used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Applied immunology provides services to support the development of biological therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and diagnostics. Applied immunology is a subdiscipline of immunology." ;
knowmak:keywords "Vaccines" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 18 ;
rdf:Description "Applied immunology provides services to support the development of biological therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and diagnostics. Applied immunology is a subdiscipline of immunology.",
"Vaccines are a clinical product that is composed of live or dead material from an infectious agent – bacterium, virus, fungus or parasite – that elicit protective immunity against the pathogen when administered. These substances are used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "applied immunology" .
knowmak:applied_optics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Applied optics" ;
knowmak:description "Optoelectronic devices and components are those electronic devices that operate on both light and electrical currents. This can include electrically driven light sources such as laser diodes and light-emitting diodes, components for converting light to an electrical current such as solar and photovoltaic cells and devices that can electronically control the propagation of light. Fibre optics and optical communications is the use of thin strands of glass for sending information encoded into light over long distances. Total internal reflection prevents light inserted into one end of the fibre from escaping through the sides. Transferring information optically in this way enables much higher transmission rates than using an electrical signal. Mid-infrared photonics is the practical application of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between two and approximately twenty micrometres. This region includes a number of so-called water windows: wavelengths of light that can propagate through the Earth’s atmosphere without being absorbed by water molecules. It is also highly relevant in spectroscopy. Integrated optics is a system of light-controlling components combined into a single device. The ultimate aim is to create miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be processed at much higher speeds. Astronomical optics is a branch of optics and photonics that uses light-controlling components for imaging celestial objects. The most notable example is the telescope. Astronomical optics combines precisely machined lenses and mirrors to reduce any image distortion, and highly sensitive sensors to detect low levels of light. Solar energy and photovoltaic technology is the study of using light from the sun as a source of energy, and the design and fabrication of devices for harnessing this potential. This involves collecting solar radiation for converting to both electricity and heat. Solar energy is carbon-free and renewable. Optical sensors are a broad class of device for detecting light intensity. This can be just a simple component for notifying when ambient light levels rise above or fall below a prescribed level, or a highly sensitive device for detecting single photons. Most optical sensors produce an electrical output. Applied optics is a branch of optics and photonics that specifically focuses on using light for practical purposes. Such uses include collecting light from the sun and converting it to electricity, processing metals with high-power lasers and developing optical equivalents of electronic circuits. Microwave photonics is the practical application of electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between one millimetre and one meter. Microwaves are important for communications, and systems for detecting microwaves are crucial for astronomy. The term also includes high-frequency electronic systems. Laser material processing uses high-intensity light beams in material fabrication. This can include cutting, engraving, drilling or welding metals. It can also include cleaning materials with lasers. Health and safety issues associated with using these techniques are an important consideration. Optical data storage is the use of light to write and read information to and from a memory device. Storage can be achieved by using lasers to pattern a surface, such as on a compact disc, or altering the physical properties of a small volume inside a light sensitive material. Atmospheric optics is a branch of optics and photonics that studies how light behaves in the Earth’s atmosphere. This can include both understanding naturally occurring effects involving sunlight and the propagation and distortion of electromagnetic signals through air. Adaptive optics is a branch of optics and photonics that uses light-controlling components to actively correct distortion in an incoming image. These distortions can occur when light from an astronomical object passes through the Earth’s atmosphere, for example." ;
knowmak:keywords "Adaptive optics",
"Astronomical optics",
"Atmospheric optics",
"Fiber-optic communication",
"Fibre optics",
"Fibre optics and optical communications",
"Integrated optics",
"Laser material processing",
"Microwave photonics",
"Mid infrared photonics",
"Optical data storage",
"Optical sensor",
"Optoelectronic devices",
"Optoelectronic devices and components",
"Photovoltaic technology",
"Solar energy",
"Solar energy and photovoltaic technology",
"optoelectronic components" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 19 ;
rdf:Description "Adaptive optics is a branch of optics and photonics that uses light-controlling components to actively correct distortion in an incoming image. These distortions can occur when light from an astronomical object passes through the Earth’s atmosphere, for example.",
"Applied optics is a branch of optics and photonics that specifically focuses on using light for practical purposes. Such uses include collecting light from the sun and converting it to electricity, processing metals with high-power lasers and developing optical equivalents of electronic circuits.",
"Astronomical optics is a branch of optics and photonics that uses light-controlling components for imaging celestial objects. The most notable example is the telescope. Astronomical optics combines precisely machined lenses and mirrors to reduce any image distortion, and highly sensitive sensors to detect low levels of light.",
"Atmospheric optics is a branch of optics and photonics that studies how light behaves in the Earth’s atmosphere. This can include both understanding naturally occurring effects involving sunlight and the propagation and distortion of electromagnetic signals through air.",
"Fibre optics and optical communications is the use of thin strands of glass for sending information encoded into light over long distances. Total internal reflection prevents light inserted into one end of the fibre from escaping through the sides. Transferring information optically in this way enables much higher transmission rates than using an electrical signal.",
"Integrated optics is a system of light-controlling components combined into a single device. The ultimate aim is to create miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be processed at much higher speeds.",
"Laser material processing uses high-intensity light beams in material fabrication. This can include cutting, engraving, drilling or welding metals. It can also include cleaning materials with lasers. Health and safety issues associated with using these techniques are an important consideration.",
"Microwave photonics is the practical application of electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between one millimetre and one meter. Microwaves are important for communications, and systems for detecting microwaves are crucial for astronomy. The term also includes high-frequency electronic systems.",
"Mid-infrared photonics is the practical application of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between two and approximately twenty micrometres. This region includes a number of so-called water windows: wavelengths of light that can propagate through the Earth’s atmosphere without being absorbed by water molecules. It is also highly relevant in spectroscopy.",
"Optical data storage is the use of light to write and read information to and from a memory device. Storage can be achieved by using lasers to pattern a surface, such as on a compact disc, or altering the physical properties of a small volume inside a light sensitive material.",
"Optical sensors are a broad class of device for detecting light intensity. This can be just a simple component for notifying when ambient light levels rise above or fall below a prescribed level, or a highly sensitive device for detecting single photons. Most optical sensors produce an electrical output.",
"Optoelectronic devices and components are those electronic devices that operate on both light and electrical currents. This can include electrically driven light sources such as laser diodes and light-emitting diodes, components for converting light to an electrical current such as solar and photovoltaic cells and devices that can electronically control the propagation of light.",
"Solar energy and photovoltaic technology is the study of using light from the sun as a source of energy, and the design and fabrication of devices for harnessing this potential. This involves collecting solar radiation for converting to both electricity and heat. Solar energy is carbon-free and renewable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:optics_and_photonics ;
skos:prefLabel "applied optics" .
knowmak:assay_systems a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Assay systems" ;
knowmak:description "Assay systems are methods that are used to measure the presence, amount or activity of a substance e.g. a drug, cell type or cell component. A wide range of experimental methods are used to measure different components of organic samples in assay systems." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 20 ;
rdf:Description "Assay systems are methods that are used to measure the presence, amount or activity of a substance e.g. a drug, cell type or cell component. A wide range of experimental methods are used to measure different components of organic samples in assay systems." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "assay systems" .
knowmak:associatedIPC a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:associatedProject a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:automobiles a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Automobiles",
"cars" ;
knowmak:description "Automobiles. Cars." ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 21 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:transport ;
skos:prefLabel "automobiles" .
knowmak:bio_fuels knowmak:keywords "bio fuel" .
knowmak:bio_materials_for_construction knowmak:keywords "bioactive glass",
"bioceramic",
"buildings with carbon-absorbing components",
"calcium phosphate cement",
"construction",
"glass",
"po4" .
knowmak:biofuels a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Biofuels",
"bio fuels" ;
knowmak:description "Bio fuels. Biofuels." ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Biofuels" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"Policy-Docs",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 23 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "biofuels" .
knowmak:biologics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Biologics" ;
knowmak:description "In locked nucleic acids (LNAs), the ribose ring is locked in a particular conformation by the introduction of a 2′-O-,4′-C methylene bridge, which increases the affinity for complementary RNA or DNA. LNAs are used to increase the sensitivity and specificity of molecular biology tools such as DNA microarrays and LNA-based oligonucleotides are being developed as antisense therapies. SiRNAs (small interfering RNAs) are double-stranded RNA molecules 20–25 bases in length with 2 nucleotide overhangs that are produced through the enzymatic cleavage of longer precursor RNAs by the ribonuclease Dicer. siRNAs can limit the expression of specific genes by targeting their RNA for destruction through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Nucleic acid therapeutics are based on nucleic acids or closely related chemical compounds. They include antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers and small interfering RNAs, and are typically considered in cases where specific inhibition of the function of a particular gene involved in disease is thought to be therapeutically desirable. TAL (transcription activator-like) effector nucleases (TALENs) are enzymes that cut DNA at a specific sequence recognized by the TAL effector domain. TAL effectors can be engineered to recognize different sequences, and TALENs are used as genetic engineering tools to introduce insertions or deletions at cut sites in living cells. A recombinant protein therapy is produced through recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the DNA encoding the protein into bacterial or mammalian cells, expressing the protein in these cells and then purifying it from them. Many biologics, such as monoclonal antibodies, are recombinant protein therapies. A recombinant vaccine is a vaccine produced through recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA encoding an antigen (such as a bacterial surface protein) that stimulates an immune response into bacterial or mammalian cells, expressing the antigen in these cells and then purifying it from them. Antagomirs and RNA sponges are both agents that are used to silence microRNAs. Antagomirs are chemically modified oligonucleotides that bind specifically to particular microRNAs and sponge RNAs are small synthetic RNAs that bind to multiple microRNAs that have the same sequence in their ‘seed region’. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are synthetic proteins used for gene targeting. They consist of a DNA-cutting endonculease domain fused to zinc finger domains engineered to bind a specific DNA sequence. ZFNs are used to introduce insertions or deletions at cut sites in the genomes of living cells. Peptide nucleic acids are synthetic polymers that mimic the structure of DNA or RNA. PNAs are used in various molecular biology techniques involving specific recognition of a complementary DNA or RNA strand and have been investigated as the basis for diagnostics and antisense therapies. Gene therapy involves the introduction of new genes into cells, to restore or add gene expression, for the purpose of treating disease. Most commonly a mutated gene is replaced with DNA encoding a functional copy. Alternatively DNA encoding a therapeutic protein drug may be introduced. A biologic is a therapeutic substance that is produced through a biological process (often involving biotechnology methods), rather than chemical synthesis (as for traditional pharmaceuticals). Types of biologic include antibody therapies, vaccines, gene therapies and cell therapies. Meganucleases are endodeoxyribonucleases that have a large recognition site, which occurs rarely, even in entire genomes. Consequently, they can be used as highly specific tools in genome engineering; for example, to modify or eliminate a particular gene. RNA vaccines are composed of the nucleic acid RNA, which encode antigen genes of an infectious agent. When administered to host cells, the RNA is translated into protein antigens that elicit protective immunity against the infectious agent. A recombinant peptide therapy is produced through recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA encoding the peptide into bacterial or mammalian cells, expressing the peptide in these cells and then purifying it from them. A cell therapy is a medicinal product containing cells, and is typically injected into a patient. Examples include bone marrow transplants (also known as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation) and mesenchymal stem cell therapies. Antibody fragment therapies are a type of biologic. They are typically fragments of monoclonal antibodies selected to bind to a particular protein (often a cell-surface protein), and produced using recombinant DNA technology. Triplex-forming oligonucleotides bind in the major groove of duplex DNA in a sequence-specific manner through the formation of hydrogen bonds. They can be used to inhibit the expression of particular genes. Antibody therapies are a type of biologic. They are typically monoclonal antibodies selected to bind to a particular protein (often a cell-surface protein), and produced using recombinant DNA technology. A DNA vaccine is a substance that is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and encodes antigens. After administration of the DNA, antigens are produced and stimulate an immune response." ;
knowmak:keywords "Antagomir and RNA sponge",
"Antibody fragment therapy",
"Antibody therapy",
"Antisense oligonucleotide therapy",
"Antisense therapy",
"Cell therapies",
"Cell therapy",
"DNA vaccine",
"Gene therapy",
"LNAs",
"Locked nucleic acid",
"Meganucleases",
"Nucleic acid therapeutics",
"Peptide nucleic acid",
"Peptide nucleic acid oligo",
"Recombinant peptide therapy",
"Recombinant protein therapy",
"Recombinant vaccine",
"Rna vaccines",
"Small interfering RNA",
"TAL effector nuclease",
"TALENs",
"Tal effector nuclease",
"Transcription activator-like effector nuclease",
"Triple-stranded DNA",
"Triplex oligo",
"ZFNs",
"Zinc finger nuclease",
"siRNAs",
"triplex-forming oligonucleotide" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 24 ;
rdf:Description "A DNA vaccine is a substance that is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and encodes antigens. After administration of the DNA, antigens are produced and stimulate an immune response.",
"A biologic is a therapeutic substance that is produced through a biological process (often involving biotechnology methods), rather than chemical synthesis (as for traditional pharmaceuticals). Types of biologic include antibody therapies, vaccines, gene therapies and cell therapies.",
"A cell therapy is a medicinal product containing cells, and is typically injected into a patient. Examples include bone marrow transplants (also known as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation) and mesenchymal stem cell therapies.",
"A recombinant peptide therapy is produced through recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA encoding the peptide into bacterial or mammalian cells, expressing the peptide in these cells and then purifying it from them.",
"A recombinant protein therapy is produced through recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the DNA encoding the protein into bacterial or mammalian cells, expressing the protein in these cells and then purifying it from them. Many biologics, such as monoclonal antibodies, are recombinant protein therapies.",
"A recombinant vaccine is a vaccine produced through recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA encoding an antigen (such as a bacterial surface protein) that stimulates an immune response into bacterial or mammalian cells, expressing the antigen in these cells and then purifying it from them.",
"Antagomirs and RNA sponges are both agents that are used to silence microRNAs. Antagomirs are chemically modified oligonucleotides that bind specifically to particular microRNAs and sponge RNAs are small synthetic RNAs that bind to multiple microRNAs that have the same sequence in their ‘seed region’.",
"Antibody fragment therapies are a type of biologic. They are typically fragments of monoclonal antibodies selected to bind to a particular protein (often a cell-surface protein), and produced using recombinant DNA technology.",
"Antibody therapies are a type of biologic. They are typically monoclonal antibodies selected to bind to a particular protein (often a cell-surface protein), and produced using recombinant DNA technology.",
"Gene therapy involves the introduction of new genes into cells, to restore or add gene expression, for the purpose of treating disease. Most commonly a mutated gene is replaced with DNA encoding a functional copy. Alternatively DNA encoding a therapeutic protein drug may be introduced.",
"In locked nucleic acids (LNAs), the ribose ring is locked in a particular conformation by the introduction of a 2′-O-,4′-C methylene bridge, which increases the affinity for complementary RNA or DNA. LNAs are used to increase the sensitivity and specificity of molecular biology tools such as DNA microarrays and LNA-based oligonucleotides are being developed as antisense therapies.",
"Meganucleases are endodeoxyribonucleases that have a large recognition site, which occurs rarely, even in entire genomes. Consequently, they can be used as highly specific tools in genome engineering; for example, to modify or eliminate a particular gene.",
"Nucleic acid therapeutics are based on nucleic acids or closely related chemical compounds. They include antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers and small interfering RNAs, and are typically considered in cases where specific inhibition of the function of a particular gene involved in disease is thought to be therapeutically desirable.",
"Peptide nucleic acids are synthetic polymers that mimic the structure of DNA or RNA. PNAs are used in various molecular biology techniques involving specific recognition of a complementary DNA or RNA strand and have been investigated as the basis for diagnostics and antisense therapies.",
"RNA vaccines are composed of the nucleic acid RNA, which encode antigen genes of an infectious agent. When administered to host cells, the RNA is translated into protein antigens that elicit protective immunity against the infectious agent.",
"TAL (transcription activator-like) effector nucleases (TALENs) are enzymes that cut DNA at a specific sequence recognized by the TAL effector domain. TAL effectors can be engineered to recognize different sequences, and TALENs are used as genetic engineering tools to introduce insertions or deletions at cut sites in living cells.",
"Triplex-forming oligonucleotides bind in the major groove of duplex DNA in a sequence-specific manner through the formation of hydrogen bonds. They can be used to inhibit the expression of particular genes.",
"Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are synthetic proteins used for gene targeting. They consist of a DNA-cutting endonculease domain fused to zinc finger domains engineered to bind a specific DNA sequence. ZFNs are used to introduce insertions or deletions at cut sites in the genomes of living cells.",
"siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) are double-stranded RNA molecules 20–25 bases in length with 2 nucleotide overhangs that are produced through the enzymatic cleavage of longer precursor RNAs by the ribonuclease Dicer. siRNAs can limit the expression of specific genes by targeting their RNA for destruction through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "biologics" .
knowmak:biomass a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Biomass",
"biomass production",
"biomass transformation" ;
knowmak:description "Biomass transformation. Biomass production." ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 25 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:bioeconomy ;
skos:prefLabel "biomass" .
knowmak:biomaterials a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Biomaterials",
"bio-materials" ;
knowmak:description "Biomaterials are those materials — be it natural or synthetic, alive or lifeless, and usually made of multiple components — that interact with biological systems. Biomaterials are often used in medical applications to augment or replace a natural function. Bio-materials." ;
knowmak:keywords "Advanced bio based polymers",
"Advanced bio-based polymers",
"bio-based polymers",
"biodegradable plastic substitutes",
"plastic substitutes",
"reusable plastic substitutes" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"Nature",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 26 ;
rdf:Description "Biomaterials are those materials — be it natural or synthetic, alive or lifeless, and usually made of multiple components — that interact with biological systems. Biomaterials are often used in medical applications to augment or replace a natural function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "biomaterials" .
knowmak:biomimetics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Biomimetics" ;
knowmak:description "Biomimetics is an interdisciplinary field in which principles from engineering, chemistry and biology are applied to the synthesis of materials, synthetic systems or machines that have functions that mimic biological processes. Biomaterials are any natural or synthetic material that interacts with any part of a biological system. Biomimetic designs could be used in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and drug delivery. Biomimetic synthesis is a branch of natural product synthesis that aims to synthesize a target molecule through a series of reactions, and passing through intermediate structures, that are closely related to those that occur during biosynthesis in its natural source." ;
knowmak:keywords "Biomimetic synthesis" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 27 ;
rdf:Description "Biomimetic synthesis is a branch of natural product synthesis that aims to synthesize a target molecule through a series of reactions, and passing through intermediate structures, that are closely related to those that occur during biosynthesis in its natural source.",
"Biomimetics is an interdisciplinary field in which principles from engineering, chemistry and biology are applied to the synthesis of materials, synthetic systems or machines that have functions that mimic biological processes. Biomaterials are any natural or synthetic material that interacts with any part of a biological system. Biomimetic designs could be used in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and drug delivery." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "biomimetics" .
knowmak:biophotonics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Biophotonics" ;
knowmak:description "Biophotonics is the study of optical processes in biological systems, both those that occur naturally and in bioengineered materials. A particularly important aspect of this field is imaging and sensing cells and tissue. This includes injecting fluorescent markers into a biological system to track cell dynamics and drug delivery." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 28 ;
rdf:Description "Biophotonics is the study of optical processes in biological systems, both those that occur naturally and in bioengineered materials. A particularly important aspect of this field is imaging and sensing cells and tissue. This includes injecting fluorescent markers into a biological system to track cell dynamics and drug delivery." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:optics_and_photonics ;
skos:prefLabel "biophotonics" .
knowmak:biotechnology_for_manufacturing a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Biotechnology for manufacturing" ;
knowmak:description "Biotechnology for manufacturing." ;
knowmak:keywords "Biomass production technologies",
"Process biotechnologies",
"industrial biotechnology biomass production technologies" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 29 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_manufacturing_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "biotechnology for manufacturing" .
knowmak:border_security a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Border security" ;
knowmak:description "Border security." ;
knowmak:provenance "Social innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 153 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:security ;
skos:prefLabel "border security" .
knowmak:carbon_capture_and_storage a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Carbon capture and storage",
"carbon storage" ;
knowmak:description "Carbon capture and storage. Carbon storage." ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 30 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "carbon capture" .
knowmak:carbon_footprint a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Carbon footprint" ;
knowmak:description "Carbon footprint." ;
knowmak:keywords "carbon footprint",
"carbon-neutral balance",
"citizen carbon-ID",
"community supported agriculture",
"consumer goods",
"consumerism",
"e-government streamlining of carbon footprint",
"eco-friendly",
"eco-village",
"ecological footprint",
"educational urban farming",
"environmental kuznets curve",
"environmental planet",
"environmentally conscious",
"environmentally friendly products",
"fair supply chain",
"food waste",
"healthy planet",
"local produce",
"locally produced food",
"meat consumption",
"peace",
"plant based living",
"political consumerism",
"responsible living",
"reusability",
"streamlining of carbon footprint",
"sustainable economy",
"sustainable life",
"sustainable lifestyle",
"sustainable living",
"sustainable product",
"sustainable village",
"urban sustainability",
"vegan food",
"zero waste",
"zero waste policy" ;
knowmak:provenance "Missions" ;
knowmak:topicID 31 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:climate_change_and_the_environment ;
skos:prefLabel "carbon footprint" .
knowmak:carbon_neutral_cities knowmak:keywords "carbon neutrality",
"carbon neutrality in cities" .
knowmak:catastrophe_fighting a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Catastrophe fighting",
"disaster fighting" ;
knowmak:description "Catastrophe fighting. Disaster fighting." ;
knowmak:keywords "conflict",
"political conflict",
"political peace" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 32 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:security ;
skos:prefLabel "catastrophe fighting" .
knowmak:ccmts_in_transportation knowmak:keywords "sustainable freight" .
knowmak:cell_delivery a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cell delivery" ;
knowmak:description "Cell delivery is a suite of methods that have two purposes, first to precisely deliver cellular therapeutics to a target site (tissue or organ) and second, to ensure that the delivered cell therapeutics work. Cell delivery is important because cellular therapeutics are fragile and preservation of their functionality is essential for efficacy." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 34 ;
rdf:Description "Cell delivery is a suite of methods that have two purposes, first to precisely deliver cellular therapeutics to a target site (tissue or organ) and second, to ensure that the delivered cell therapeutics work. Cell delivery is important because cellular therapeutics are fragile and preservation of their functionality is essential for efficacy." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "cell delivery" .
knowmak:closeMatch a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:co_creation a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Co-creation",
"co creation",
"user involvement" ;
knowmak:description "Co-creation for growth and inclusion. User involvement." ;
knowmak:keywords "Living Labs",
"co-design",
"cooperative working",
"coworking",
"cross-national",
"decentralised systems",
"digital inovation",
"hackathon",
"knowledge transfer",
"multidisciplinary",
"online communities",
"open access",
"open innovation",
"open science",
"open source project",
"open-source software",
"user generated",
"user involvement",
"user participation",
"user-generated" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 36 ;
rdf:Description "Co-creation for growth and inclusion" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "co-creation" .
knowmak:computational_nanotechnology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Computational nanotechnology" ;
knowmak:description "Computational nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology concerned with the development and use of computer-based models for understanding, analysing and predicting the behaviour or properties of systems relevant to nanotechnology." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 37 ;
rdf:Description "Computational nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology concerned with the development and use of computer-based models for understanding, analysing and predicting the behaviour or properties of systems relevant to nanotechnology." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "computational nanotechnology" .
knowmak:computer_memory_technologies a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Computer memory technologies" ;
knowmak:description "Computer memory technologies." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 38 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "computer memory technologies" .
knowmak:crime_and_terrorism a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Crime and terrorism",
"crime" ;
knowmak:description "Crime and terrorism." ;
knowmak:provenance "Social innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 154 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:security ;
skos:prefLabel "crime and terrorism" .
knowmak:cultural_heritage a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Cultural heritage" ;
knowmak:description "Cultural heritage." ;
knowmak:keywords "ancestry",
"arts centre",
"buddhism",
"buddhist",
"catholicism",
"christian",
"christianity",
"churches",
"community theatre",
"creative art",
"creative studio",
"cultural capital",
"cultural influences",
"cultural mediator",
"cultural space",
"evangelical",
"historical",
"historiography",
"indigeneity",
"islam",
"literary history",
"local culture",
"memorialization",
"multicultural",
"multiculturalism",
"mythology",
"performance space",
"preserving culture",
"preserving history",
"tradition",
"traditional culture",
"traditional heritage" ;
knowmak:provenance "Social Innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 40 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "cultural heritage" .
knowmak:democracy a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Democracy" ;
knowmak:description "Democracy." ;
knowmak:keywords "democracy software",
"democratisation",
"democratization",
"digital democracy",
"digital voting",
"e-democracy",
"election debate",
"election debate visualisation",
"hegemonic",
"hegemony",
"imperialism",
"internet democracy",
"online voting",
"parliament",
"political processes",
"public debate",
"transparent law" ;
knowmak:provenance "Social Innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 41 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "democracy" .
knowmak:description a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:digital_security a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Digital security",
"cybersecurity" ;
knowmak:description "Digital security. Cybersecurity." ;
knowmak:keywords "advanced cyber security threats",
"anonymity",
"computer privacy",
"critical infrastructure protection",
"cryptography",
"cyber threats",
"cyberbullying",
"cyberhate",
"cyberthreats",
"data privact",
"digital encryption",
"digital privacy",
"encryption",
"online privacy",
"predictive security",
"privacy protection",
"privacy software",
"privacy tools",
"private cloud storage",
"proactive security",
"spam email" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 42 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:security ;
skos:prefLabel "digital security" .
knowmak:disease_prevention knowmak:keywords "AIDS",
"HIV",
"cardiovascular disease prevention",
"diabetes awareness",
"diabetes prevention",
"healthy heart",
"heart health" .
knowmak:disease_treatment knowmak:keywords "eating disorders" .
knowmak:dna_nanotechnology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Dna nanotechnology" ;
knowmak:description "RNA nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology concerned with the design, study and application of synthetic structures based on RNA. RNA nanotechnology takes advantage of the physical and chemical properties of RNA rather than the genetic information it carries. DNA nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology concerned with the design, study and application of synthetic structures based on DNA. DNA nanotechnology takes advantage of the physical and chemical properties of DNA rather than the genetic information it carries. DNA nanomachines are nanorobots made entirely or partially of DNA. DNA nanomachines can switch between defined molecular conformations and can be used as sensing, computing, actuating or therapeutic nanodevices. DNA nanostructures are nanoscale structures made of DNA, which acts both as a structural and functional element. DNA nanostructures can serve as scaffolds for the formation of more complex structures. DNA computing is a branch of biomolecular computing concerned with the use of DNA as a carrier of information to make arithmetic and logic operations." ;
knowmak:keywords "DNA computing",
"DNA nanotechnology",
"Dna computing",
"Dna nanomachines",
"Dna nanostructures",
"Organizing materials with dna",
"Rna nanotechnology" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 43 ;
rdf:Description "DNA computing is a branch of biomolecular computing concerned with the use of DNA as a carrier of information to make arithmetic and logic operations.",
"DNA nanomachines are nanorobots made entirely or partially of DNA. DNA nanomachines can switch between defined molecular conformations and can be used as sensing, computing, actuating or therapeutic nanodevices.",
"DNA nanostructures are nanoscale structures made of DNA, which acts both as a structural and functional element. DNA nanostructures can serve as scaffolds for the formation of more complex structures.",
"DNA nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology concerned with the design, study and application of synthetic structures based on DNA. DNA nanotechnology takes advantage of the physical and chemical properties of DNA rather than the genetic information it carries.",
"RNA nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology concerned with the design, study and application of synthetic structures based on RNA. RNA nanotechnology takes advantage of the physical and chemical properties of RNA rather than the genetic information it carries." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "DNA nanotechnology" .
knowmak:e_health a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "E health",
"electronic health" ;
knowmak:description "Electronic health. E-health." ;
knowmak:keywords "digital health",
"health assistant" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 44 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:health ;
skos:prefLabel "e-health" .
knowmak:education a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Education" ;
knowmak:description "Education, training." ;
knowmak:keywords "Language and integration",
"Literacy",
"STEM",
"alternative education",
"cognitive skills",
"communication skills",
"digital learning environment",
"early childhood based learning",
"early pupils career planning",
"educational advantage",
"educational disadvantage",
"educational quality improvement",
"educational standard",
"entrepreneurship education",
"further education",
"grammar school",
"higher education",
"homework",
"interactive education",
"lifelong learning",
"literacy",
"new learning arrangement",
"numeracy",
"occupational orientation",
"online learning",
"primary school",
"private school",
"public school",
"quality improvement in education",
"read and write",
"religious education",
"science education",
"secondary school",
"special education",
"special educational needs",
"state school",
"teacher",
"technological education",
"tertiary education",
"university",
"virtual learning environment" ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Education, training" ;
knowmak:provenance "Social Innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 45 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "education" .
knowmak:employment a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Employment" ;
knowmak:description "Employment issues." ;
knowmak:keywords "career prospect",
"employability",
"fair pay",
"internship",
"job market",
"job matching",
"job search",
"job seeking",
"organisational innovation",
"recruitment",
"recruitment agency",
"skills enhancement",
"social entrepreneur",
"social entrepreneurship",
"sustainable work",
"training centre",
"unemployment",
"work conditions and work environment",
"work environment",
"working conditions",
"working environment",
"workplace innovation" ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Employment issues" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs" ;
knowmak:topicID 46 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "employment" .
knowmak:energy_and_telecom_sector knowmak:keywords "energy supply" .
knowmak:energy_efficiency a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Energy efficiency" ;
knowmak:H2020_objective "Reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint" ;
knowmak:description "Energy efficiency is a no-regret option for Europe, addressed by both short-term and long-term EU policies. The EU is aiming to progressively decrease primary energy consumption by 2020 and 2030. Research and demonstration activities within this area will focus on buildings, industry, heating and cooling, SMEs and energy-related products and services, integration of ICT and cooperation with the telecom sector." ;
knowmak:keywords "Energy and telecom sector",
"Energy in buildings",
"Energy in industry",
"Heating and cooling",
"ICT and energy",
"Integration of ICT and energy" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 48 ;
rdf:Description "Energy efficiency is a no-regret option for Europe, addressed by both short-term and long-term EU policies. The EU is aiming to progressively decrease primary energy consumption by 2020 and 2030. Research and demonstration activities within this area will focus on buildings, industry, heating and cooling, SMEs and energy-related products and services, integration of ICT and cooperation with the telecom sector." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "energy efficiency" .
knowmak:energy_in_buildings knowmak:keywords "carbon-absorption capacity of construction materials",
"carbon-neutral balance for cities",
"carbon-neutral building",
"carbon-neutral home",
"carbon-neutral office",
"carbon-neutral places to live",
"carbon-neutral places to live and work",
"carbon-neutral places to work",
"carbon-neutral workplace",
"domestic use of renewable energy",
"energy efficiency in buildings",
"gas turbine",
"green roof",
"ice slurry",
"indoor air quality",
"land surface temperature",
"materials for energy efficient building",
"natural ventilation",
"organic rankine cycle",
"phase change material",
"renewable energy",
"street canyon",
"thermal comfort",
"urban heat island",
"waste heat recovery" .
knowmak:energy_in_industry knowmak:keywords "energy consumption in industry",
"energy efficiency in industry",
"energy use in industry",
"industrial energy",
"industrial energy consumption",
"industrial energy efficiency",
"industrial sector energy",
"industrial sector energy consumption",
"industrial sector energy use",
"renewable energy for industry" .
knowmak:energy_storage a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Energy storage" ;
knowmak:description "Energy storage." ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs" ;
knowmak:topicID 49 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "energy storage" .
knowmak:energy_supply a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Energy supply" ;
knowmak:H2020_objective "Low-cost, low-carbon electricity supply. Alternative fuels and mobile energy sources." ;
knowmak:description "Energy supply." ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 50 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "energy supply" .
knowmak:entrepreneurship a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Entrepreneurship" ;
knowmak:description "Entrepreneurship." ;
knowmak:keywords "acceleration program",
"accelerator program",
"business startup",
"crowdfunding",
"entrepreneurialism",
"incubator project",
"startup" ;
knowmak:provenance "Social Innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 51 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "entrepreneurship" .
knowmak:environmental_biotechnology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Environmental biotechnology" ;
knowmak:description "Environmental biotechnology is the branch of biotechnology that addresses environmental problems, such as the removal of pollution, renewable energy generation or biomass production, by exploiting biological processes." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 52 ;
rdf:Description "Environmental biotechnology is the branch of biotechnology that addresses environmental problems, such as the removal of pollution, renewable energy generation or biomass production, by exploiting biological processes." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "environmental biotechnology" .
knowmak:european_culture knowmak:keywords "cyberbullying",
"harrassment",
"hate speech",
"radical ideology" .
knowmak:expression_systems a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Expression systems" ;
knowmak:description "Expression systems are genetic constructs (a gene encoded by DNA) that are designed to produce a protein, or an RNA (ribonucleic acid), either inside or outside a cell. Expression systems are used in research and in the commercial production of enzymes or therapeutics." ;
knowmak:keywords "Expression systems",
"gene expression",
"gene expression systems" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 53 ;
rdf:Description "Expression systems are genetic constructs (a gene encoded by DNA) that are designed to produce a protein, or an RNA (ribonucleic acid), either inside or outside a cell. Expression systems are used in research and in the commercial production of enzymes or therapeutics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "expression systems" .
knowmak:fisheries knowmak:keywords "fisheries management" .
knowmak:food_consumption a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Food consumption" ;
knowmak:description "Food consumption." ;
knowmak:keywords "bio food",
"diet",
"food recovery",
"food waste",
"macrobiotic",
"obesity",
"reduced food waste",
"sustainable food consumption",
"unused foods",
"vegan",
"vegan food",
"vegetarian" ;
knowmak:provenance "Manual" ;
knowmak:topicID 54 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:bioeconomy ;
skos:prefLabel "food consumption" .
knowmak:food_nanotechnology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Food nanotechnology" ;
knowmak:description "Food nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology concerned with the application of nanotechnology to food or food packaging so as to extend the life or safety of food, to detect harmful bacteria, or to produce stronger flavours." ;
knowmak:keywords "Nanocarrier systems for delivery of nutrients",
"Nanocoatings on food contact surfaces",
"Nanosized agrochemicals",
"Processed nanostructured food",
"biopolymer-based nanoencapsulated substances",
"inorganic nanosized additives",
"nano iron",
"nanocapsules",
"nanofood",
"nanomaterials for food packaging",
"nanosized additives",
"nanostructured food",
"nanostructured food ingredients",
"nanotechnology food",
"nanotechnology in agriculture",
"nanotechnology in food",
"nanotextured food",
"organic nanosized additives" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 55 ;
rdf:Description "Food nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology concerned with the application of nanotechnology to food or food packaging so as to extend the life or safety of food, to detect harmful bacteria, or to produce stronger flavours." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "food nanotechnology" .
knowmak:food_production a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Food production" ;
knowmak:description "Food production. Food security." ;
knowmak:keywords "GM crops",
"agriculture industrilization",
"alternative sustainable food production",
"co-operative food production",
"commercial farming",
"food biodiversity",
"food safety",
"food security",
"food sustainability",
"future proteins",
"genetic engineering",
"sustainable crops",
"sustainable food production" ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Food",
"Food security" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 56 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:bioeconomy ;
skos:prefLabel "food production" .
knowmak:food_sustainability knowmak:keywords "alternative sustainable food distribution",
"alternative sustainable food production",
"carbon neutral urban food industry",
"ecosystem approach",
"fair trade",
"global value chain",
"local food",
"marine reserve",
"meat consumption",
"real junk food project",
"sustainable food distribution",
"sustainable food production",
"urban food industry",
"vegan",
"vegetarian" .
knowmak:freight a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Freight" ;
knowmak:description "Land vehicles for travelling otherwise than on rails. Freight." ;
knowmak:patentKeywords "Land vehicles for travelling otherwise than on rails" ;
knowmak:provenance "SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 57 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:transport ;
skos:prefLabel "freight" .
knowmak:gene_delivery a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Gene delivery" ;
knowmak:description "Gene delivery is a process by which foreign DNA is transferred to host cells for applications such as genetic research or gene therapy. Gene delivery methods can be mechanical (e.g. microinjection, electroporation or biolistics), chemical (e.g. lipid or nanoparticle carriers) or biological (e.g. viral or bacterial vectors). Genetic vectors are vehicles for delivering foreign DNA into recipient cells. Vectors can replicate autonomously and typically include features to facilitate the manipulation of DNA as well as a genetic marker for their selective recognition. The most common vectors are DNA plasmids, viruses and artificial chromosomes. Transfection is a process by which foreign DNA is transferred to host cells. It includes any method for gene delivery but is usually used in the context of non-viral methods. Transfection can result in transient or stable genetic changes to the host (transformation). Biolistics is a method for the delivery of nucleic acid to cells by high-speed particle bombardment. The technique uses nucleic acid-coated particles propelled by a pressurized gun (gene gun) to transfect cells or organelles. It can also be used to deliver vaccines. Genetic transduction is the transfer of DNA from a virus to its bacterial or eukaryotic host cell. Transduction with viral vectors is a common method for gene delivery." ;
knowmak:keywords "Biolistics",
"Genetic transduction",
"Genetic vectors",
"Transfection" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 58 ;
rdf:Description "Biolistics is a method for the delivery of nucleic acid to cells by high-speed particle bombardment. The technique uses nucleic acid-coated particles propelled by a pressurized gun (gene gun) to transfect cells or organelles. It can also be used to deliver vaccines.",
"Gene delivery is a process by which foreign DNA is transferred to host cells for applications such as genetic research or gene therapy. Gene delivery methods can be mechanical (e.g. microinjection, electroporation or biolistics), chemical (e.g. lipid or nanoparticle carriers) or biological (e.g. viral or bacterial vectors).",
"Genetic transduction is the transfer of DNA from a virus to its bacterial or eukaryotic host cell. Transduction with viral vectors is a common method for gene delivery.",
"Genetic vectors are vehicles for delivering foreign DNA into recipient cells. Vectors can replicate autonomously and typically include features to facilitate the manipulation of DNA as well as a genetic marker for their selective recognition. The most common vectors are DNA plasmids, viruses and artificial chromosomes.",
"Transfection is a process by which foreign DNA is transferred to host cells. It includes any method for gene delivery but is usually used in the context of non-viral methods. Transfection can result in transient or stable genetic changes to the host (transformation)." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "gene delivery" .
knowmak:genomics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Genomics" ;
knowmak:description "Gene expression profiling is the determination of the pattern of genes expressed, at the level of transcription, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell to give a global picture of cellular function. Techniques to measure this include DNA microarrays which measure the relative activity of previously identified target genes, or sequencing technologies that allow profiling of all active genes. Transcriptomics is the study of the transcriptome—the complete set of RNA transcripts that are produced by the genome, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell—using high-throughput methods, such as microarray analysis. Comparison of transcriptomes allows the identification of genes that are differentially expressed in distinct cell populations, or in response to different treatments. Comparative genomics deals with the processes of evolution via the alignment and analysis of genes and genomes of living or extinct organisms related by varying degrees of evolutionary divergence from a common ancestor. Comparisons are usually made pairwise with reference to a third genome 'outgroup' or by examination of pairs of paired sequences and summarized in phylogenetic trees. Nutrigenomics is the study of the effects of food and food constituents on gene expression, and how genetic variations affect the nutritional environment. It focuses on understanding the interaction between nutrients and other dietary bioactives with the genome at the molecular level, to understand how specific nutrients or dietary regimes may affect human health. Mutagenesis is the process of generating a genetic mutation. This may occur spontaneously or be induced by mutagens. Researchers also use a number of techniques to create mutations, including transposon mutagenesis to generate random gene knockouts, and site-directed mutagenesis, which utilises the polymerase chain reaction to introduce specific mutations. Agricultural genetics is the applied study of the effects of genetic variation and selection used to propagate valuable heritable trait combinations in crop plants and farm animals. The discipline includes use of genetic markers to guide traditional breeding, and introgression and introduction of traits from other species into farmed organisms. Mobile elements are DNA sequences that can move around the genome, changing their number of copies or simply changing their location, often affecting the activity of nearby genes. They include DNA transposable elements, plasmids and bacteriophage elements. The total of all mobile genetic elements in a genome may be referred to as the mobilome. Genome evolution is the process by which a genome changes in structure over time, through mutation, horizontal gene transfer, and sexual reproduction. The study of genome evolution involves multiple fields including structural analysis of the genome, genomic parasites, gene and ancient genome duplications, polyploidy, and comparative genomics. RNAi (RNA interference) is a biological process in which RNA molecules—microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA)—inhibit gene expression, typically by binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) and triggering its degradation. The process is exploited by researchers to knock down gene expression in cell culture and in vivo in model organisms. Metagenomics is the study of the metagenome—the collective genome of microorganisms from an environmental sample—to provide information on the microbial diversity and ecology of a specific environment. Shotgun metagenomics refers to the approach of shearing DNA extracted from the environmental sample and sequencing the small fragments. Epigenomics is the systematic analysis of the global state of gene expression not attributable to mutational changes in the underlying DNA genome. An organism has multiple, cell type-specific, epigenomes comprising epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation, histone modification and specifically positioned nucleosomes. Conservation genomics is the application of genomic analysis to the preservation of the viability of populations and the biodiversity of living organisms. Genomic methods can be used to argue species identity, degree of hybridization, genetic diversity, demographic history and effective population size. Medical genomics is the application and integration of genomic and other data—including functional genomics, genome structure, genome-scale population genetics, epigenomics, proteomics, systems analysis and pharmacogenomics—to better understand the genetic bases of drug response and disease. Gene therapy involves the introduction of new genes into cells, to restore or add gene expression, for the purpose of treating disease. Most commonly a mutated gene is replaced with DNA encoding a functional copy. Alternatively DNA encoding a therapeutic protein drug may be introduced. Field trials in plant biotechnology are designed to test promising new plants in a situation similar to the actual growing conditions by farmers, such as unpredictable light and temperature, the presence of unknown microbes and animals in the soil, and competing weeds. Functional genomics uses genomic data to study gene and protein expression and function on a global scale (genome-wide or system-wide), focusing on gene transcription, translation and protein-protein interactions, and often involving high-throughput methods. Plant molecular engineering is the modification of plants or plant material to produce novel compounds, or to improve the efficiency of beneficial products. Major challenges include the production of crop plants with increased nutritional value. Genome assembly algorithms are sets of well defined procedures for reconstructing DNA sequences from large numbers of shorter DNA sequence fragments. Fragments are aligned against one another and overlapping sections are identified and merged. Genomics is the study of the full genetic complement of an organism (the genome). It employs recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyse the structure and function of genomes. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic variation influences responses to drugs. This includes how genetic variants affect drug metabolism, efficacy and toxicity, with the goal of improving and personalizing drug therapy. Personalized medicine is a therapeutic approach involving the use of an individual’s genetic and epigenetic information to tailor drug therapy or preventive care. Phylogenomics involves the reconstruction of evolutionary relationships by comparing sequences of whole genomes or portions of genomes. Plant biotechnology can be defined as the introduction of desirable traits into plants through genetic modification." ;
knowmak:keywords "Agricultural genetics",
"Comparative genomics",
"Conservation genomics",
"Epigenomics",
"Epistasis",
"Field trials in plant biotechnology",
"Gene expression profiling",
"Genome assembly algorithms",
"Genome evolution",
"Medical genomics",
"Metagenomics",
"Mobile elements",
"Mobile genetic elements",
"Molecular engineering in plants",
"Mutagenesis",
"Nutrigenomics",
"Personalized medicine",
"Pharmacogenomics",
"Phylogenomics",
"Plant biotechnology",
"RNA interference",
"RNAi",
"Transcriptomics",
"functional genomics",
"gene therapy" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 59 ;
rdf:Description "Agricultural genetics is the applied study of the effects of genetic variation and selection used to propagate valuable heritable trait combinations in crop plants and farm animals. The discipline includes use of genetic markers to guide traditional breeding, and introgression and introduction of traits from other species into farmed organisms.",
"Comparative genomics deals with the processes of evolution via the alignment and analysis of genes and genomes of living or extinct organisms related by varying degrees of evolutionary divergence from a common ancestor. Comparisons are usually made pairwise with reference to a third genome 'outgroup' or by examination of pairs of paired sequences and summarized in phylogenetic trees.",
"Conservation genomics is the application of genomic analysis to the preservation of the viability of populations and the biodiversity of living organisms. Genomic methods can be used to argue species identity, degree of hybridization, genetic diversity, demographic history and effective population size.",
"Epigenomics is the systematic analysis of the global state of gene expression not attributable to mutational changes in the underlying DNA genome. An organism has multiple, cell type-specific, epigenomes comprising epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation, histone modification and specifically positioned nucleosomes.",
"Field trials in plant biotechnology are designed to test promising new plants in a situation similar to the actual growing conditions by farmers, such as unpredictable light and temperature, the presence of unknown microbes and animals in the soil, and competing weeds.",
"Functional genomics uses genomic data to study gene and protein expression and function on a global scale (genome-wide or system-wide), focusing on gene transcription, translation and protein-protein interactions, and often involving high-throughput methods.",
"Gene expression profiling is the determination of the pattern of genes expressed, at the level of transcription, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell to give a global picture of cellular function. Techniques to measure this include DNA microarrays which measure the relative activity of previously identified target genes, or sequencing technologies that allow profiling of all active genes.",
"Gene therapy involves the introduction of new genes into cells, to restore or add gene expression, for the purpose of treating disease. Most commonly a mutated gene is replaced with DNA encoding a functional copy. Alternatively DNA encoding a therapeutic protein drug may be introduced.",
"Genome assembly algorithms are sets of well defined procedures for reconstructing DNA sequences from large numbers of shorter DNA sequence fragments. Fragments are aligned against one another and overlapping sections are identified and merged.",
"Genome evolution is the process by which a genome changes in structure over time, through mutation, horizontal gene transfer, and sexual reproduction. The study of genome evolution involves multiple fields including structural analysis of the genome, genomic parasites, gene and ancient genome duplications, polyploidy, and comparative genomics.",
"Genomics is the study of the full genetic complement of an organism (the genome). It employs recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyse the structure and function of genomes.",
"Medical genomics is the application and integration of genomic and other data—including functional genomics, genome structure, genome-scale population genetics, epigenomics, proteomics, systems analysis and pharmacogenomics—to better understand the genetic bases of drug response and disease.",
"Metagenomics is the study of the metagenome—the collective genome of microorganisms from an environmental sample—to provide information on the microbial diversity and ecology of a specific environment. Shotgun metagenomics refers to the approach of shearing DNA extracted from the environmental sample and sequencing the small fragments.",
"Mobile elements are DNA sequences that can move around the genome, changing their number of copies or simply changing their location, often affecting the activity of nearby genes. They include DNA transposable elements, plasmids and bacteriophage elements. The total of all mobile genetic elements in a genome may be referred to as the mobilome.",
"Mutagenesis is the process of generating a genetic mutation. This may occur spontaneously or be induced by mutagens. Researchers also use a number of techniques to create mutations, including transposon mutagenesis to generate random gene knockouts, and site-directed mutagenesis, which utilises the polymerase chain reaction to introduce specific mutations.",
"Nutrigenomics is the study of the effects of food and food constituents on gene expression, and how genetic variations affect the nutritional environment. It focuses on understanding the interaction between nutrients and other dietary bioactives with the genome at the molecular level, to understand how specific nutrients or dietary regimes may affect human health.",
"Personalized medicine is a therapeutic approach involving the use of an individual’s genetic and epigenetic information to tailor drug therapy or preventive care.",
"Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic variation influences responses to drugs. This includes how genetic variants affect drug metabolism, efficacy and toxicity, with the goal of improving and personalizing drug therapy.",
"Phylogenomics involves the reconstruction of evolutionary relationships by comparing sequences of whole genomes or portions of genomes.",
"Plant biotechnology can be defined as the introduction of desirable traits into plants through genetic modification.",
"Plant molecular engineering is the modification of plants or plant material to produce novel compounds, or to improve the efficiency of beneficial products. Major challenges include the production of crop plants with increased nutritional value.",
"RNAi (RNA interference) is a biological process in which RNA molecules—microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA)—inhibit gene expression, typically by binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) and triggering its degradation. The process is exploited by researchers to knock down gene expression in cell culture and in vivo in model organisms.",
"Transcriptomics is the study of the transcriptome—the complete set of RNA transcripts that are produced by the genome, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell—using high-throughput methods, such as microarray analysis. Comparison of transcriptomes allows the identification of genes that are differentially expressed in distinct cell populations, or in response to different treatments." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "genomics" .
knowmak:geothermal_energy a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Geothermal energy" ;
knowmak:description "Geothermal energy." ;
knowmak:keywords "geothermal" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 60 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "geothermal energy" .
knowmak:global_engagement a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Global engagement" ;
knowmak:description "Engaging together globally. Global engagement." ;
knowmak:keywords "CSR",
"accountable institutions",
"bottom-linked governance",
"collective impact",
"community network",
"community-led development",
"corporate social responsibility",
"direct democracy",
"foreign collaboration",
"foreign policy",
"freedom of faith",
"fundamental freedoms",
"global action",
"global challenge",
"global governance",
"global intelligence",
"global mobility",
"global network",
"global partnership",
"good governance",
"grassroots",
"humanitarian aid",
"inclusive institutions",
"inclusive societies",
"international agency",
"international collaboration",
"international diplomacy",
"international relations",
"international strategy",
"justice for all",
"knowledge sharing",
"participatory decision making",
"peaceful and inclusive societies",
"public sector innovation",
"public-private partnership",
"relational diplomacy",
"religious freedom",
"social challenge",
"social movement" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 61 ;
rdf:Description "Engaging together globally" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "global engagement" .
knowmak:graphene a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Graphene" ;
knowmak:description "Graphene." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 62 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "graphene" .
knowmak:green_photonics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Green photonics" ;
knowmak:description "Green photonics is the study and development of applied optical systems for generating clean, renewable energy. This includes solar cells and photovoltaic devices, creating energy-efficient optical sources for lighting and display applications and developing environmentally friendly materials for optoelectronic devices and components." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 63 ;
rdf:Description "Green photonics is the study and development of applied optical systems for generating clean, renewable energy. This includes solar cells and photovoltaic devices, creating energy-efficient optical sources for lighting and display applications and developing environmentally friendly materials for optoelectronic devices and components." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:optics_and_photonics ;
skos:prefLabel "green photonics" .
knowmak:green_urban_areas knowmak:keywords "eco-district",
"ecodistrict" .
knowmak:hardware_architectures a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Hardware architectures" ;
knowmak:description "Hardware architectures." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 64 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "hardware architectures" .
knowmak:health_biotechnology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Health biotechnology" ;
knowmak:description "Health biotechnology." ;
knowmak:keywords "biotechnology in health",
"healthcare biotechnology",
"medical biotechnology" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"eupro-classes.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 67 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:health ;
skos:prefLabel "health biotechnology" .
knowmak:health_care_provision knowmak:keywords "integrated care delivery" .
knowmak:health_care_provision_and_integrated_care a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Health care provision and integrated care",
"health care provision and integrated care" ;
knowmak:H2020_objective "SC1-PM-21-2016: Implementation research for scaling-up of evidence based innovations and good practice in Europe and low- and middle-income countries" ;
knowmak:description "Health care provision and integrated care. Healthcare delivery/services." ;
knowmak:keywords "healthcare provision",
"integrated care",
"mobile health care" ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Healthcare delivery/services" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 68 ;
rdf:Description "Health care provision and integrated care" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:health ;
skos:prefLabel "health care provision" .
knowmak:health_data a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Health data",
"health methods and data" ;
knowmak:H2020_objective "SC1-PM-16-2017: In-silico trials for developing and assessing biomedical products",
"SC1-PM-17-2017: Personalised computer models and in-silico systems for well-being",
"SC1-PM-18-2016: Big Data supporting Public Health policies",
"SC1-PM-19-2017: PPI for uptake of standards for the exchange of digitalised healthcare records",
"SC1-PM-20-2017: Methods research for improved health economic evaluation" ;
knowmak:description "Health methods and data. Health data." ;
knowmak:keywords "exchange of digitalised healthcare",
"fitness application",
"fitness apps",
"health apps",
"health data",
"health diagnostics",
"health economic evaluation",
"medical app",
"medical application",
"models for well-being",
"patient data",
"patient data archives",
"public health policies",
"wearable technologies",
"wellness app" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 69 ;
rdf:Description "Methods and data" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:health ;
skos:prefLabel "health data" .
knowmak:housing a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Housing" ;
knowmak:description "Housing." ;
knowmak:keywords "accommodation",
"building development",
"co-habitation",
"co-housing",
"homeless",
"homelessness",
"housing conditions",
"housing solutions",
"sustainable housing" ;
knowmak:provenance "Social Innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 152 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "housing" .
knowmak:hydro_power a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Hydro power" ;
knowmak:description "Hydro power." ;
knowmak:provenance "Missions" ;
knowmak:topicID 70 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "hydro power" .
knowmak:industrial_microbiology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Industrial microbiology" ;
knowmak:description "Biopolymers are polymers synthesized by living organisms. Biopolymers can be polynucleotides (such as the nucleic acids DNA and RNA), polypeptides (that is, proteins) or polysaccharides (that is, polymeric carbohydrates).These consist of long chains made of repeating, covalently bonded units, such as nucleotides, amino acids or monosaccharides. Metabolic engineering is the use of genetic engineering to modify the metabolism of an organism. It can involve the optimization of existing biochemical pathways or the introduction of pathway components, most commonly in bacteria, yeast or plants, with the goal of high-yield production of specific metabolites for medicine or biotechnology. Industrial microbiology is a branch of applied microbiology in which microorganisms are used in industrial processes; for example, in the production of high-value products such as drugs, chemicals, fuels and electricity. Environmental microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms in the environment. This discipline includes air microbiology, soil microbiology and water microbiology. Bioremediation is a process that uses living organisms, mostly microorganisms and plants, to degrade and reduce or detoxify waste products and pollutants. Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, microscopic fungi or protozoans." ;
knowmak:keywords "Antimicrobials",
"Biopolymers",
"Bioremediation",
"Environmental microbiology",
"Metabolic engineering",
"antibiotics" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 72 ;
rdf:Description "Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, microscopic fungi or protozoans.",
"Biopolymers are polymers synthesized by living organisms. Biopolymers can be polynucleotides (such as the nucleic acids DNA and RNA), polypeptides (that is, proteins) or polysaccharides (that is, polymeric carbohydrates).These consist of long chains made of repeating, covalently bonded units, such as nucleotides, amino acids or monosaccharides.",
"Bioremediation is a process that uses living organisms, mostly microorganisms and plants, to degrade and reduce or detoxify waste products and pollutants.",
"Environmental microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms in the environment. This discipline includes air microbiology, soil microbiology and water microbiology.",
"Industrial microbiology is a branch of applied microbiology in which microorganisms are used in industrial processes; for example, in the production of high-value products such as drugs, chemicals, fuels and electricity.",
"Metabolic engineering is the use of genetic engineering to modify the metabolism of an organism. It can involve the optimization of existing biochemical pathways or the introduction of pathway components, most commonly in bacteria, yeast or plants, with the goal of high-yield production of specific metabolites for medicine or biotechnology." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "industrial microbiology" .
knowmak:intelligent_transport a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Intelligent transport" ;
knowmak:description "Intelligent transport." ;
knowmak:keywords "autonomous vehicle",
"intelligent navigation",
"self-driving car",
"smart commuting",
"smart transport" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 73 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:transport ;
skos:prefLabel "intelligent transport" .
knowmak:keywords a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:knowledge_transfer a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Knowledge transfer",
"co design",
"co-design" ;
knowmak:description "Knowledge transfer. Co-design." ;
knowmak:keywords "discussion forum",
"impact hub",
"information exchange",
"information sharing",
"innovation centre",
"innovation event",
"innovation lab",
"knowledge exchange",
"knowledge management",
"knowledge sharing",
"knowledge society",
"networking opportunity",
"think tank" ;
knowmak:provenance "Social Innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 74 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "knowledge transfer" .
knowmak:land_use a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Land use",
"agroequality",
"landscape management" ;
knowmak:description "Landscape management. Agroequality. Land use." ;
knowmak:keywords "ecological practices",
"fertile land",
"land renovation",
"land restoration",
"landscape",
"municipal plots",
"organic food",
"organic food production" ;
knowmak:provenance "SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 75 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:bioeconomy ;
skos:prefLabel "land use" .
knowmak:lasers_leds_and_light_sources a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Lasers LEDs and light sources" ;
knowmak:description "Inorganic LEDs are light-emitting diodes (LEDs) made from a crystalline semiconductor. The optical emission wavelength can be selected by varying material composition. Example active regions include germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride and indium phosphide. Inorganic LEDS are prized for their low power consumption and are rapidly replacing conventional incandescent light bulbs. Semiconductor lasers use the optical properties of semiconducting materials to produce coherent light. Electrons and their positive-charge counterpart called holes are injected into an optically active region where they combine together and generate photons. Reflection of light from semiconductor–air or semiconductor–semiconductor interfaces proved the necessary optical feedback. Diode lasers are electrically driven lasers generally made from semiconducting materials. In addition to the optical considerations common with all semiconductors, diode laser structures must also incorporate a means of injecting an electrical current into the active region. This often involves extra semiconductor layers and metal contacts. Lasers, LEDs and light sources are devices that create light. LEDs (light emitting diodes) convert an electrical current into light using spontaneous emission in optically active semiconductors. Lasers add a mechanism for optical feedback, such as mirrors, that stimulates further emission and generates a high-intensity beam of radiation. Mode-locked lasers generate short pulses of intense coherent light. Just like a guitar string, laser cavities can support many different frequencies, or resonant modes. A train of picosecond or femtosecond pulses can be produced by actively or passively controlling the light in the cavity so that these different resonant modes interfere. Free-electron lasers create coherent light by constantly accelerating a beam of electrons. Free-electron lasers are particularly useful because they can produce radiation with a short-wavelength, down to just a few tenths of a nanometre. Thus, it is hoped they will become an important tool for atom-level material characterization. Quantum cascade lasers are made up of many thin layers of semiconductor. An injected electron makes a small energy transition as it moves from one layer to the next, emitting light on each cascade. Because the energy steps are small, quantum cascade lasers can produce long-wavelength mid-infrared or terahertz radiation. Organic LEDs are light emitting diodes (LEDs) that use polymers or small organic molecules as their optically active element. Development of organic LEDs is driven in particular by its potential as a display technology. Organic LEDs can be fabricated on flexible substrates, unlike their rigid inorganic counterparts. Solid-state lasers are lasers made from crystalline materials. The very first laser used ruby as a solid-state active region in 1960, and there are now hundreds of known alternatives. The most common approach however is to introduce rare-earth atoms into a crystalline lattice – titanium-doped sapphire, for example. Fibre lasers are lasers made from thin strands of a light-guiding glass. Atomic or molecular impurities introduced into the fibre when it is formed provide the optically active component, and the optical feedback required for stimulated emission can be created by patterning part of the fibre so it acts as a mirror. High-field lasers are lasers that can create intense electric fields. The high fields are often achieved by concentrating the optical energy into a very short temporal pulse. This has led to the development of terawatt and petawatt lasers, which are important probes of matter under extreme conditions. Ultrafast lasers are lasers that produce short pulses of light, typically less than one picosecond. These devices often rely on techniques such as mode locking to create a train of pulses. Ultrafast lasers are an important probe of electron dynamics in atoms and molecules." ;
knowmak:keywords "Diode lasers",
"Fibre laser",
"Free electron lasers",
"Free-electron laser",
"High field lasers",
"Inorganic LEDs",
"Inorganic leds",
"Laser",
"Light-emitting diode",
"Mode locked lasers",
"Mode-locking",
"Organic LED",
"Quantum cascade lasers",
"Semiconductor lasers",
"Solid state lasers",
"Solid-state laser",
"Ultrafast laser",
"high-field lasers",
"mode-locked lasers" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 76 ;
rdf:Description "Diode lasers are electrically driven lasers generally made from semiconducting materials. In addition to the optical considerations common with all semiconductors, diode laser structures must also incorporate a means of injecting an electrical current into the active region. This often involves extra semiconductor layers and metal contacts.",
"Fibre lasers are lasers made from thin strands of a light-guiding glass. Atomic or molecular impurities introduced into the fibre when it is formed provide the optically active component, and the optical feedback required for stimulated emission can be created by patterning part of the fibre so it acts as a mirror.",
"Free-electron lasers create coherent light by constantly accelerating a beam of electrons. Free-electron lasers are particularly useful because they can produce radiation with a short-wavelength, down to just a few tenths of a nanometre. Thus, it is hoped they will become an important tool for atom-level material characterization.",
"High-field lasers are lasers that can create intense electric fields. The high fields are often achieved by concentrating the optical energy into a very short temporal pulse. This has led to the development of terawatt and petawatt lasers, which are important probes of matter under extreme conditions.",
"Inorganic LEDs are light-emitting diodes (LEDs) made from a crystalline semiconductor. The optical emission wavelength can be selected by varying material composition. Example active regions include germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride and indium phosphide. Inorganic LEDS are prized for their low power consumption and are rapidly replacing conventional incandescent light bulbs.",
"Lasers, LEDs and light sources are devices that create light. LEDs (light emitting diodes) convert an electrical current into light using spontaneous emission in optically active semiconductors. Lasers add a mechanism for optical feedback, such as mirrors, that stimulates further emission and generates a high-intensity beam of radiation.",
"Mode-locked lasers generate short pulses of intense coherent light. Just like a guitar string, laser cavities can support many different frequencies, or resonant modes. A train of picosecond or femtosecond pulses can be produced by actively or passively controlling the light in the cavity so that these different resonant modes interfere.",
"Organic LEDs are light emitting diodes (LEDs) that use polymers or small organic molecules as their optically active element. Development of organic LEDs is driven in particular by its potential as a display technology. Organic LEDs can be fabricated on flexible substrates, unlike their rigid inorganic counterparts.",
"Quantum cascade lasers are made up of many thin layers of semiconductor. An injected electron makes a small energy transition as it moves from one layer to the next, emitting light on each cascade. Because the energy steps are small, quantum cascade lasers can produce long-wavelength mid-infrared or terahertz radiation.",
"Semiconductor lasers use the optical properties of semiconducting materials to produce coherent light. Electrons and their positive-charge counterpart called holes are injected into an optically active region where they combine together and generate photons. Reflection of light from semiconductor–air or semiconductor–semiconductor interfaces proved the necessary optical feedback.",
"Solid-state lasers are lasers made from crystalline materials. The very first laser used ruby as a solid-state active region in 1960, and there are now hundreds of known alternatives. The most common approach however is to introduce rare-earth atoms into a crystalline lattice – titanium-doped sapphire, for example.",
"Ultrafast lasers are lasers that produce short pulses of light, typically less than one picosecond. These devices often rely on techniques such as mode locking to create a train of pulses. Ultrafast lasers are an important probe of electron dynamics in atoms and molecules." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:optics_and_photonics ;
skos:prefLabel "lasers, LEDs and light sources" .
knowmak:livestock_management knowmak:keywords "cattle",
"cattle ranch",
"rancher" .
knowmak:local_engagement a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Local engagement" ;
knowmak:description "Local engagement." ;
knowmak:keywords "city consultation",
"civic participation",
"civil social network",
"collective awareness",
"communitarian",
"community action",
"community café",
"community engagement",
"community initiative",
"community network",
"community spirit",
"connected neighbourhood",
"crowd sensing",
"local authority",
"local awareness",
"local charity",
"local community",
"local initiative",
"local neighbourhood",
"local participation",
"localism",
"municipality",
"neighbourhood",
"neighbourhood project",
"public participation",
"public projects" ;
knowmak:provenance "Manual" ;
knowmak:topicID 77 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "local engagement" .
knowmak:low_carbon_technology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Low carbon technology" ;
knowmak:description "Low carbon technology." ;
knowmak:provenance "Missions" ;
knowmak:topicID 78 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "low carbon technology" .
knowmak:marine_resources a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Marine resources",
"fisheries" ;
knowmak:description "Resources of the sea, fisheries. Marine resources." ;
knowmak:keywords "Marine Protected Areas",
"algae exploitation",
"aquaculture",
"aquaponics",
"bottom trawling",
"exploitation of fishing resources",
"glass sponge reefs",
"ocean fisheries",
"ocean sovereignty",
"open water",
"open-net cage salmon farms",
"resources of the sea",
"salmon farms",
"seaweed exploitation",
"sustainable fisheries",
"wild salmon runs" ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Resources of the sea, fisheries" ;
knowmak:provenance "Manual" ;
knowmak:topicID 79 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:bioeconomy ;
skos:prefLabel "marine resources" .
knowmak:marine_technology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Marine technology" ;
knowmak:description "Marine technology." ;
knowmak:keywords "Ocean planning",
"Ocean sensor technologies",
"autonomous ocean stations",
"coastal and maritime planning",
"coastal planning",
"marine sensors",
"marine spatial planning",
"maritime planning",
"ocean sensor planning",
"ocean sensors",
"oil tankers",
"open water",
"predicting ocean state",
"shipping practices" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 80 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:bioeconomy ;
skos:prefLabel "marine technology" .
knowmak:maritime_transport a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Maritime transport",
"shipping" ;
knowmak:description "Ships or other waterborne vessels; related equipment. Maritime transport. Shipping." ;
knowmak:patentKeywords "Ships or other waterborne vessels; related equipment" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 81 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:transport ;
skos:prefLabel "maritime transport" .
knowmak:mems_and_nems a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "MEMs and NEMs",
"Mems and nems" ;
knowmak:description "Photonic crystals are periodic optical structures that can control the flow of light. Multiple reflections from surfaces separated by a distance similar to the wavelength prevent an optical beam from propagating through the crystal. Photonic crystal devices can therefore force light around sharp bands or even trap it entirely. Quantum dots are crystals of a fluorescent semiconductor material with a diameter of as few as 10 to 100 atoms (2-10 nm). They are used as labels for imaging molecules because of their very narrow fluorescence spectra, brightness and resistance to photobleaching. MEMs and NEMs." ;
knowmak:keywords "Advanced molecular electronics",
"Capacitors",
"Conductors",
"Diodes",
"Energy harvesting technologies",
"Hybrid molecular semiconductor electronics",
"Hybrid molecular/semiconductor electronics",
"Inductors",
"Insulators",
"MEMs",
"NEMs",
"Nanoelectronics",
"Optoelectronics",
"Photonic crystals",
"Quantum dots",
"Resistors",
"SED",
"SEDs",
"Single electron devices",
"Transistors",
"micro-electro-mechanical systems",
"microelectromechanical systems",
"nano-electro-mechanical systems",
"nanoelectromechanical systems",
"one-dimensional nanotubes",
"one-dimensional nanotubes/nanowires",
"one-dimensional nanowires",
"opto-electronics",
"single-electron devices" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 82 ;
rdf:Description "Photonic crystals are periodic optical structures that can control the flow of light. Multiple reflections from surfaces separated by a distance similar to the wavelength prevent an optical beam from propagating through the crystal. Photonic crystal devices can therefore force light around sharp bands or even trap it entirely.",
"Quantum dots are crystals of a fluorescent semiconductor material with a diameter of as few as 10 to 100 atoms (2-10 nm). They are used as labels for imaging molecules because of their very narrow fluorescence spectra, brightness and resistance to photobleaching." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "MEMs and NEMs" .
knowmak:metabolomics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Metabolomics",
"metabolic engineering" ;
knowmak:description "Metabolic engineering is the use of genetic engineering to modify the metabolism of an organism. It can involve the optimization of existing biochemical pathways or the introduction of pathway components, most commonly in bacteria, yeast or plants, with the goal of high-yield production of specific metabolites for medicine or biotechnology. Metabolomics refers to the systematic identification and quantification of the small molecule metabolic products (the metabolome) of a biological system (cell, tissue, organ, biological fluid, or organism) at a specific point in time. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy are the techniques most often used for metabolome profiling." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 83 ;
rdf:Description "Metabolic engineering is the use of genetic engineering to modify the metabolism of an organism. It can involve the optimization of existing biochemical pathways or the introduction of pathway components, most commonly in bacteria, yeast or plants, with the goal of high-yield production of specific metabolites for medicine or biotechnology.",
"Metabolomics refers to the systematic identification and quantification of the small molecule metabolic products (the metabolome) of a biological system (cell, tissue, organ, biological fluid, or organism) at a specific point in time. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy are the techniques most often used for metabolome profiling." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "metabolomics" .
knowmak:microcomputing_technologies a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Microcomputing technologies",
"microcomputer technologies" ;
knowmak:description "Microcomputing technologies. Microcomputer technologies." ;
knowmak:keywords "computing technologies",
"microcomputer",
"microcomputer technology",
"single chip microprocessor" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 85 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "microcomputing technologies" .
knowmak:microplastics knowmak:keywords "ecological aspects of microplastics",
"microplastics" .
knowmak:migration a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Migration",
"immigrants",
"refugees" ;
knowmak:description "Immigrants. Migration. Refugees." ;
knowmak:keywords "asylum",
"asylum seekers",
"integration of immigrants",
"migrant workers",
"refugee assistance",
"war-torn country" ;
knowmak:provenance "Social Innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 155 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "migration" .
knowmak:mne_in_manufacturing a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "MNE in manufacturing",
"micro- and nanoelectronics manufacturing",
"microelectronics manufacturing",
"nanoelectronics manufacturing" ;
knowmak:description "Micro- and nanoelectronics manufacturing. Microelectronics manufacturing. MNE in manufacturing." ;
knowmak:keywords "3D printing",
"3D printing technologies",
"3d printing technologies",
"Advanced technologies for monitoring and diagnosis of manufacturing systems",
"Autonomous maintenance technologies",
"Clean rooms technologies",
"Extremely high precision positioning and mounts technologies",
"High productivity and self assembly technologies",
"High speed manufacturing techniques",
"High-speed manufacturing techniques",
"Industrial robot technologies",
"Inspection analysis testing and metrology technologies",
"Intelligent machinery components and architectures",
"Logistical positioning technologies",
"Micro factory techniques",
"Rapid prototyping technologies",
"Technologies for automated production",
"automated production technologies",
"extremely high precision mounts technologies",
"high productivity technologies",
"inspection analysis testing",
"metrology technologies",
"self-assembly technologies" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 86 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_manufacturing_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "MNE in manufacturing" .
knowmak:molecular_engineering a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Molecular engineering" ;
knowmak:description "Protein design (or protein engineering) is a technique by which proteins with enhanced or novel functional properties are created. Proteins can be engineered by rational design, which typically uses computational tools to identify useful mutations, or by directed evolution, which uses random mutagenesis coupled with a selection process to identify desired variants. Metabolic engineering is the use of genetic engineering to modify the metabolism of an organism. It can involve the optimization of existing biochemical pathways or the introduction of pathway components, most commonly in bacteria, yeast or plants, with the goal of high-yield production of specific metabolites for medicine or biotechnology. Virtual drug screening is a computational approach to predict drug activity by fitting chemical structures to targets. This type of screening is commonly used to rapidly test a library of putative drugs for their potential to bind and inhibit receptor or enzyme targets. Synthetic biology is the design and construction of new biological parts, devices, and systems, and the re-design of existing, natural biological systems for useful purposes. Molecular engineering includes methods for the design and synthesis of novel molecules with desirable physical properties or functionalities. Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, microscopic fungi or protozoans." ;
knowmak:keywords "Antimicrobials",
"Metabolic engineering",
"Protein design",
"Synthetic biology",
"Virtual drug screening",
"antibiotics",
"protein engineering" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 87 ;
rdf:Description "Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, microscopic fungi or protozoans.",
"Metabolic engineering is the use of genetic engineering to modify the metabolism of an organism. It can involve the optimization of existing biochemical pathways or the introduction of pathway components, most commonly in bacteria, yeast or plants, with the goal of high-yield production of specific metabolites for medicine or biotechnology.",
"Molecular engineering includes methods for the design and synthesis of novel molecules with desirable physical properties or functionalities.",
"Protein design (or protein engineering) is a technique by which proteins with enhanced or novel functional properties are created. Proteins can be engineered by rational design, which typically uses computational tools to identify useful mutations, or by directed evolution, which uses random mutagenesis coupled with a selection process to identify desired variants.",
"Synthetic biology is the design and construction of new biological parts, devices, and systems, and the re-design of existing, natural biological systems for useful purposes.",
"Virtual drug screening is a computational approach to predict drug activity by fitting chemical structures to targets. This type of screening is commonly used to rapidly test a library of putative drugs for their potential to bind and inhibit receptor or enzyme targets." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "molecular engineering" .
knowmak:nanobiotechnology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nanobiotechnology" ;
knowmak:description "Applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM) include biochemistry applications (imaging the structure of biological molecules, cellular components, cells or tissues), chemistry, materials science and nanotechnology applications (imaging of polymers, nanostructures or other materials) and physics and biophysics applications (measuring forces between the AFM tip and the sample surface). Microfluidics is the engineering or use of devices that apply fluid flow to channels smaller than 1 millimetre in at least one dimension. Microfluidic devices can reduce reagent consumption, allow well controlled mixing and particle manipulation, integrate and automate multiple assays (known as lab-on-a-chip), and facilitate imaging and tracking. Microengraving is a method that uses high-density arrays to probe the secretory behaviour of thousands of individual cells. It employs elastomeric nanolitre wells to trap single living cells and their secreted molecules, followed by serial probing of the molecules with labelled antibodies that are imaged for detection. Biosensors are devices used to detect the presence or concentration of a biological analyte, such as a biomolecule, a biological structure or a microorganism. Biosensors consist of three parts: a component that recognizes the analyte and produces a signal, a signal transducer, and a reader device. Bionanoelectronics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with systems that interface biological matter with synthetic biocompatible nanomaterials for use in electronic components. Examples of bionanoelectronic systems are biosensors, drug-delivery devices and neural circuits. Nanostructures are structures that range between 1 nm (molecular scale) and 100 nm in at least one dimension. Most are synthetic and can be engineered to wide range of physical properties. Nanosurfaces, cylindrical nanotubes, and nanospheres are common nanostructures. Nanoparticles are particles that exist on a nanometre scale (i.e., below 100 nm in at least one dimension). They can possess physical properties such as uniformity, conductance or special optical properties that make them desirable in materials science and biology. Nanofabrication and nanopatterning are fields of study in which methods are developed to manufacture nanomaterials, or pattern materials on a nanometre scale (i.e., below 100 nm in at least one dimension). Nanolithography is a common method used in nanopatterning. Nanobiotechnology is a discipline in which tools from nanotechnology are developed and applied to study biological phenomena. For example, nanoparticles can serve as probes, sensors or vehicles for biomolecule delivery in cellular systems. Soft lithography refers to printing and moulding techniques to produce microstructures or nanostructures from elastomeric polymer such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The techniques are flexible and inexpensive." ;
knowmak:keywords "AFM",
"Applications of AFM",
"Bionanoelectronics",
"Microengraving",
"Microfluidics",
"Nanofabrication",
"Nanofabrication and nanopatterning",
"Nanoparticles",
"Nanopores",
"Nanostructures",
"Soft lithography",
"atomic force microscopy",
"biosensors",
"nano-biotechnologies",
"nanopatterning" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 88 ;
rdf:Description "Applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM) include biochemistry applications (imaging the structure of biological molecules, cellular components, cells or tissues), chemistry, materials science and nanotechnology applications (imaging of polymers, nanostructures or other materials) and physics and biophysics applications (measuring forces between the AFM tip and the sample surface).",
"Bionanoelectronics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with systems that interface biological matter with synthetic biocompatible nanomaterials for use in electronic components. Examples of bionanoelectronic systems are biosensors, drug-delivery devices and neural circuits.",
"Biosensors are devices used to detect the presence or concentration of a biological analyte, such as a biomolecule, a biological structure or a microorganism. Biosensors consist of three parts: a component that recognizes the analyte and produces a signal, a signal transducer, and a reader device.",
"Microengraving is a method that uses high-density arrays to probe the secretory behaviour of thousands of individual cells. It employs elastomeric nanolitre wells to trap single living cells and their secreted molecules, followed by serial probing of the molecules with labelled antibodies that are imaged for detection.",
"Microfluidics is the engineering or use of devices that apply fluid flow to channels smaller than 1 millimetre in at least one dimension. Microfluidic devices can reduce reagent consumption, allow well controlled mixing and particle manipulation, integrate and automate multiple assays (known as lab-on-a-chip), and facilitate imaging and tracking.",
"Nanobiotechnology is a discipline in which tools from nanotechnology are developed and applied to study biological phenomena. For example, nanoparticles can serve as probes, sensors or vehicles for biomolecule delivery in cellular systems.",
"Nanofabrication and nanopatterning are fields of study in which methods are developed to manufacture nanomaterials, or pattern materials on a nanometre scale (i.e., below 100 nm in at least one dimension). Nanolithography is a common method used in nanopatterning.",
"Nanoparticles are particles that exist on a nanometre scale (i.e., below 100 nm in at least one dimension). They can possess physical properties such as uniformity, conductance or special optical properties that make them desirable in materials science and biology.",
"Nanostructures are structures that range between 1 nm (molecular scale) and 100 nm in at least one dimension. Most are synthetic and can be engineered to wide range of physical properties. Nanosurfaces, cylindrical nanotubes, and nanospheres are common nanostructures.",
"Soft lithography refers to printing and moulding techniques to produce microstructures or nanostructures from elastomeric polymer such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The techniques are flexible and inexpensive." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology,
knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "nanobiotechnology" .
knowmak:nanoelectrconics knowmak:keywords "22 nanometer node",
"advanced molecular electronics",
"carbon nanotubes",
"electron transistors",
"hybrid molecular electronics",
"nanoelectromechanical systems",
"one-dimensional nanotubes",
"one-dimensional nanowires",
"silicon CMOS technology",
"silicon nanowires" .
knowmak:nanoelectronics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nanoelectronics",
"nano-electronics" ;
knowmak:description "Nano-electronics. Nanoelectronics." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 89 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "nanoelectronics" .
knowmak:nanomedicine a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nanomedicine" ;
knowmak:description "Nanomedicine is a branch of medicine that applies the knowledge and tools of nanotechnology to the prevention and treatment of disease. Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoscale materials, such as biocompatible nanoparticles and nanorobots, for diagnosis, delivery, sensing or actuation purposes in a living organism. Drug delivery describes the method and approach to delivering drugs or pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics to their site of action within an organism, with the goal of achieving a therapeutic outcome. Issues of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are important considerations for drug delivery. Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine, itself a branch of biomedical engineering. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are concerned with the replacement or regeneration of cells, tissues (the focus of tissue engineers) or organs to restore normal biological function. Cancer nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology concerned with the application of both nanomaterials (such as nanoparticles for tumour imaging or drug delivery) and nanotechnology approaches (such as nanoparticle-based theranostics) to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Diagnostic devices are devices used to identify the nature or cause of a certain phenomenon, usually related to a medical condition. Examples of diagnostic devices are magnetic resonance imaging apparatuses, temperature sensors or pacemakers." ;
knowmak:keywords "Diagnostic devices",
"Drug delivery",
"Imaging techniques and agents",
"Nanomedicine",
"Nanotechnology in cancer",
"Regenerative medicine",
"Tissue engineering",
"Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 90 ;
rdf:Description "Cancer nanotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology concerned with the application of both nanomaterials (such as nanoparticles for tumour imaging or drug delivery) and nanotechnology approaches (such as nanoparticle-based theranostics) to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.",
"Diagnostic devices are devices used to identify the nature or cause of a certain phenomenon, usually related to a medical condition. Examples of diagnostic devices are magnetic resonance imaging apparatuses, temperature sensors or pacemakers.",
"Drug delivery describes the method and approach to delivering drugs or pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics to their site of action within an organism, with the goal of achieving a therapeutic outcome. Issues of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are important considerations for drug delivery.",
"Nanomedicine is a branch of medicine that applies the knowledge and tools of nanotechnology to the prevention and treatment of disease. Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoscale materials, such as biocompatible nanoparticles and nanorobots, for diagnosis, delivery, sensing or actuation purposes in a living organism.",
"Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine, itself a branch of biomedical engineering. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are concerned with the replacement or regeneration of cells, tissues (the focus of tissue engineers) or organs to restore normal biological function." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "nanomedicine" .
knowmak:nanoscale_devices a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nanoscale devices" ;
knowmak:description "Molecular electronics is the use of molecules as the primary building block for electronic circuitry. A molecular approach, it is hoped, will enable the construction of much smaller circuits than is currently possible using the more conventional semiconductors such as silicon. The motion of the electrons in such devices is inherently governed by quantum mechanics. Electronic devices are components for controlling the flow of electrical currents for the purpose of information processing and system control. Prominent examples include transistors and diodes. Electronic devices are usually small and can be grouped together into packages called integrated circuits. This miniaturization is central to the modern electronics boom. NEMS, or nanoelectromechanical systems, are devices in which the physical motion of a nanometre-scale structure is controlled by an electronic circuit, or vice versa. NEMS make particularly sensitive sensors, of chemicals and acceleration, for example. NEMS also offer the possibility of observing quantum effects in systems much larger than few-atom ensembles. Nanopores are nanoscale pores in electrically insulating materials used to study the physical properties of biomolecules by measuring changes in current as individual molecules transit. Nanopore arrays are constructed from channel proteins in lipid membranes or from pores patterned in synthetic materials, and can sequence DNA or characterize protein folding. Superconducting devices are electronic devices that harness the zero-resistance properties of superconductors. Superconducting devices are used for highly sensitive optical sensors, detectors of magnetic fields and low-noise amplifiers. Superconducting circuits are one possible type of qubit, the building blocks of quantum computers. Quantum information is problem solving and data processing using a quantum system as the information carrier, rather than binary ‘1’s and ‘0’s used in conventional computation. Quantum information systems could be able to transmit data that is fundamentally secure and solve problems that are beyond the power of modern computers. Nanophotonics and plasmonics is the study of light at the nanometre-scale. Light can only be focused to a spot roughly half its wavelength in size (a few hundred nanometres for visible light). This limit can be surpassed by coupling light to electrons at the surface of a metal and creating surface plasmons. Nanoscale devices are devices that are one hundred to ten thousand times smaller than human cells and that can manipulate matter on atomic or molecular scales. Examples of nanoscale devices are synthetic molecular motors such as rotaxanes, graphene-based transistors and nanoelectromechanical oscillators. Molecular motors, also called molecular machines, are either natural or synthetic molecules that convert chemical energy into mechanical forces and motion. An example of a biological motor is the protein kinesin, which uses the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to move along microtubule filaments. Biosensors are devices used to detect the presence or concentration of a biological analyte, such as a biomolecule, a biological structure or a microorganism. Biosensors consist of three parts: a component that recognizes the analyte and produces a signal, a signal transducer, and a reader device. Nanosensors are chemical or mechanical sensors that can be used to detect the presence of chemical species and nanoparticles, or monitor physical parameters such as temperature, on the nanoscale. They also find use in medical diagnostic applications. Magnetic devices are components for creating, manipulating or detecting magnetic fields. This can include magnetic memories, magnetometers and devices for magneto-optics. Magnetism can also play a central role in spintronic devices. Nanofluidics is the study and manipulation of fluids confined within nanostructures. The fluid dynamics of substances on the nanoscale differs significantly from the fluid dynamics of substances on longer length scales." ;
knowmak:keywords "Biosensors",
"Electronic devices",
"Magnetic devices",
"Molecular electronics",
"Molecular machines",
"Molecular machines and motors",
"Molecular motor",
"NEMS",
"Nanofluidics",
"Nanophotonics",
"Nanophotonics and plasmonics",
"Nanopores",
"Nanoscale device",
"Nanosensors",
"Plasmonics",
"Quantum information",
"Superconducting devices" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 92 ;
rdf:Description "Biosensors are devices used to detect the presence or concentration of a biological analyte, such as a biomolecule, a biological structure or a microorganism. Biosensors consist of three parts: a component that recognizes the analyte and produces a signal, a signal transducer, and a reader device.",
"Electronic devices are components for controlling the flow of electrical currents for the purpose of information processing and system control. Prominent examples include transistors and diodes. Electronic devices are usually small and can be grouped together into packages called integrated circuits. This miniaturization is central to the modern electronics boom.",
"Magnetic devices are components for creating, manipulating or detecting magnetic fields. This can include magnetic memories, magnetometers and devices for magneto-optics. Magnetism can also play a central role in spintronic devices.",
"Molecular electronics is the use of molecules as the primary building block for electronic circuitry. A molecular approach, it is hoped, will enable the construction of much smaller circuits than is currently possible using the more conventional semiconductors such as silicon. The motion of the electrons in such devices is inherently governed by quantum mechanics.",
"Molecular motors, also called molecular machines, are either natural or synthetic molecules that convert chemical energy into mechanical forces and motion. An example of a biological motor is the protein kinesin, which uses the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to move along microtubule filaments.",
"NEMS, or nanoelectromechanical systems, are devices in which the physical motion of a nanometre-scale structure is controlled by an electronic circuit, or vice versa. NEMS make particularly sensitive sensors, of chemicals and acceleration, for example. NEMS also offer the possibility of observing quantum effects in systems much larger than few-atom ensembles.",
"Nanofluidics is the study and manipulation of fluids confined within nanostructures. The fluid dynamics of substances on the nanoscale differs significantly from the fluid dynamics of substances on longer length scales.",
"Nanophotonics and plasmonics is the study of light at the nanometre-scale. Light can only be focused to a spot roughly half its wavelength in size (a few hundred nanometres for visible light). This limit can be surpassed by coupling light to electrons at the surface of a metal and creating surface plasmons.",
"Nanopores are nanoscale pores in electrically insulating materials used to study the physical properties of biomolecules by measuring changes in current as individual molecules transit. Nanopore arrays are constructed from channel proteins in lipid membranes or from pores patterned in synthetic materials, and can sequence DNA or characterize protein folding.",
"Nanoscale devices are devices that are one hundred to ten thousand times smaller than human cells and that can manipulate matter on atomic or molecular scales. Examples of nanoscale devices are synthetic molecular motors such as rotaxanes, graphene-based transistors and nanoelectromechanical oscillators.",
"Nanosensors are chemical or mechanical sensors that can be used to detect the presence of chemical species and nanoparticles, or monitor physical parameters such as temperature, on the nanoscale. They also find use in medical diagnostic applications.",
"Quantum information is problem solving and data processing using a quantum system as the information carrier, rather than binary ‘1’s and ‘0’s used in conventional computation. Quantum information systems could be able to transmit data that is fundamentally secure and solve problems that are beyond the power of modern computers.",
"Superconducting devices are electronic devices that harness the zero-resistance properties of superconductors. Superconducting devices are used for highly sensitive optical sensors, detectors of magnetic fields and low-noise amplifiers. Superconducting circuits are one possible type of qubit, the building blocks of quantum computers." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "nanoscale devices" .
knowmak:nanoscale_materials a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nanoscale materials" ;
knowmak:description "Metamaterials are engineered structures designed to interact with electromagnetic radiation in a desired fashion. They usually comprise an array of structures smaller than the wavelength of interest. These so-called meta-atoms can interact with the electric and magnetic components of light in a way that natural atoms do not. An organic-inorganic nanostructure is a nanoscale structure (that is, a structure with single units sized between 1 and 1000 nanometres) composed of an intimate combination of inorganic and organic components. As such, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an example of an organic-inorganic nanostructure. Two-dimensional materials are substances with a thickness of a few nanometres or less. Electrons in these materials are free to move in the two-dimensional plane, but their restricted motion in the third direction is governed by quantum mechanics. Prominent examples include quantum wells and graphene. Molecular motors, also called molecular machines, are either natural or synthetic molecules that convert chemical energy into mechanical forces and motion. An example of a biological motor is the protein kinesin, which uses the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to move along microtubule filaments. Nanowires are structures with a width and depth of a few nanometres or less, but a much longer length. Electrons in these materials are free to travel along the wire, but their motion in the other two directions is governed by quantum mechanics, radically altering the properties of the material. Nanoscale materials, or nanomaterials, are materials where at least one relevant length scale is within the range of nanometres. These materials usually have very different properties from their bulk counterparts, due to the importance of quantum and surface boundary effects. Quantum dots are crystals of a fluorescent semiconductor material with a diameter of as few as 10 to 100 atoms (2-10 nm). They are used as labels for imaging molecules because of their very narrow fluorescence spectra, brightness and resistance to photobleaching. Nanometrology is a branch of metrology concerned with measurements at the nanoscale. Some of the most common techniques used in nanometrology are atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Molecular self-assembly is the spontaneous association of molecules, through non covalent bonds and under equilibrium conditions, into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates." ;
knowmak:keywords "2D Materials",
"Carbon nanotubes",
"Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes",
"Electronic properties and materials",
"Environmental impact of nanotechnology",
"Fullerenes",
"Magnetic properties",
"Metamaterials",
"Molecular machines and motors",
"Molecular self assembly",
"Molecular self-assembly",
"Nanomaterials",
"Nanowires",
"Organic inorganic nanostructures",
"Structural properties of nanoscale materials",
"Synthesis and processing of nanoscale materials",
"Two dimensional materials",
"magnetic materials",
"magnetic properties and materials",
"nanometrology",
"organis-inorganic nanostructures",
"quantum dots",
"two-dimensional materials" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 93 ;
rdf:Description "An organic-inorganic nanostructure is a nanoscale structure (that is, a structure with single units sized between 1 and 1000 nanometres) composed of an intimate combination of inorganic and organic components. As such, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an example of an organic-inorganic nanostructure.",
"Metamaterials are engineered structures designed to interact with electromagnetic radiation in a desired fashion. They usually comprise an array of structures smaller than the wavelength of interest. These so-called meta-atoms can interact with the electric and magnetic components of light in a way that natural atoms do not.",
"Molecular motors, also called molecular machines, are either natural or synthetic molecules that convert chemical energy into mechanical forces and motion. An example of a biological motor is the protein kinesin, which uses the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to move along microtubule filaments.",
"Molecular self-assembly is the spontaneous association of molecules, through non covalent bonds and under equilibrium conditions, into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates.",
"Nanometrology is a branch of metrology concerned with measurements at the nanoscale. Some of the most common techniques used in nanometrology are atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.",
"Nanoscale materials, or nanomaterials, are materials where at least one relevant length scale is within the range of nanometres. These materials usually have very different properties from their bulk counterparts, due to the importance of quantum and surface boundary effects.",
"Nanowires are structures with a width and depth of a few nanometres or less, but a much longer length. Electrons in these materials are free to travel along the wire, but their motion in the other two directions is governed by quantum mechanics, radically altering the properties of the material.",
"Quantum dots are crystals of a fluorescent semiconductor material with a diameter of as few as 10 to 100 atoms (2-10 nm). They are used as labels for imaging molecules because of their very narrow fluorescence spectra, brightness and resistance to photobleaching.",
"Two-dimensional materials are substances with a thickness of a few nanometres or less. Electrons in these materials are free to move in the two-dimensional plane, but their restricted motion in the third direction is governed by quantum mechanics. Prominent examples include quantum wells and graphene." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "nanoscale materials" .
knowmak:nanoscience_techniques knowmak:keywords "surface patterning" .
knowmak:nanoscience_techniques_and_instrumentation a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nanoscience techniques and instrumentation",
"nanoscience instrumentation" ;
knowmak:description "Microscopy refers to any method used to acquire images of nearby objects at resolutions that greatly exceed the resolving ability of the unaided human eye. Object visualization may be mediated by light or electron beams using optical or magnetic lenses respectively, or through the use of a physical scanning probe that measures one of a wide range of different sample characteristics. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique that detects the chemical environment of atomic nuclei by the absorption of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation when in the presence of a high magnetic field. NMR is used in chemistry and related fields for high-resolution molecular structure determination and the study of molecular dynamics. Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that uses an instrument called a mass spectrometer to measure the mass-to-charge ratios of molecular ions. Molecules fragment within the mass spectrometer to produce a mass spectrum, which can be interpreted to determine the identity of the molecules in the sample. Optical spectroscopy encompasses a wide variety of techniques used to study how matter interacts with light. Optical spectroscopy techniques are used in physics, astronomy, chemistry, biology, and associated research fields. Surface patterning includes techniques for preparing and patterning surfaces, from the arrangement of single molecules to the macro-scale, for example, through etching, electrochemical patterning and film deposition. Techniques and instrumentation refers to the development of methods and tools to be used in applied physics, materials science or nanotechnology for design, synthesis, manufacturing, imaging or analytics. Imaging techniques are used to obtain a two-dimensional depiction of a surface or a three-dimensional reconstruction of a volume. Nanoscience techniques and instrumentation. Nanoscience instrumentation." ;
knowmak:keywords "Imaging techniques",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Microscopy",
"NMR spectroscopy",
"Nano metrological technologies",
"Nano-metrological technologies",
"Nmr spectroscopy",
"Optical spectroscopy",
"Spectroscopy",
"nano-metrology",
"nanometrological technologies",
"nanometrological technologies",
"nanometrology" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 95 ;
rdf:Description "Imaging techniques are used to obtain a two-dimensional depiction of a surface or a three-dimensional reconstruction of a volume.",
"Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that uses an instrument called a mass spectrometer to measure the mass-to-charge ratios of molecular ions. Molecules fragment within the mass spectrometer to produce a mass spectrum, which can be interpreted to determine the identity of the molecules in the sample.",
"Microscopy refers to any method used to acquire images of nearby objects at resolutions that greatly exceed the resolving ability of the unaided human eye. Object visualization may be mediated by light or electron beams using optical or magnetic lenses respectively, or through the use of a physical scanning probe that measures one of a wide range of different sample characteristics.",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique that detects the chemical environment of atomic nuclei by the absorption of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation when in the presence of a high magnetic field. NMR is used in chemistry and related fields for high-resolution molecular structure determination and the study of molecular dynamics.",
"Optical spectroscopy encompasses a wide variety of techniques used to study how matter interacts with light. Optical spectroscopy techniques are used in physics, astronomy, chemistry, biology, and associated research fields.",
"Surface patterning includes techniques for preparing and patterning surfaces, from the arrangement of single molecules to the macro-scale, for example, through etching, electrochemical patterning and film deposition.",
"Techniques and instrumentation refers to the development of methods and tools to be used in applied physics, materials science or nanotechnology for design, synthesis, manufacturing, imaging or analytics." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "nanoscience techniques" .
knowmak:nanotechnologies_for_manufacturing a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "AMT Nanotechnologies",
"Advanced manufacturing technology nanotechnologies",
"Nanotechnologies for manufacturing" ;
knowmak:description "Advanced manufacturing technology nanotechnologies. Nanotechnologies for manufacturing. Nanoscience-and-technology. AMT Nanotechnologies." ;
knowmak:keywords "Nano metrological technologies",
"Nanomanufacturing technologies for nanoparticles",
"Nanomanufacturing technologies for nanostructures" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 96 ;
rdf:Description "nanoscience-and-technology" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_manufacturing_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "nanotechnologies for manufacturing" .
knowmak:nanotoxicology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nanotoxicology" ;
knowmak:description "Computational toxicology is a branch of toxicology concerned with the development and use of computer-based models to understand and predict the interactions of biological organisms (at population, individual, cellular, and molecular levels) with pollutants in the air, water, soil and food, and their adverse health effects that they may cause. Nanotoxicology is a branch of toxicology concerned with the study of the toxicity of nanomaterials, which can be divided into those derived from combustion processes (like diesel soot), manufacturing processes (such as spray drying or grinding) and naturally occurring processes (such as volcanic eruptions or atmospheric reactions). Medical toxicology is a branch of toxicology that focuses on the diagnosis, management and prevention of adverse health effects resulting from medications or from exposure to toxic chemical or biological agents. Medical toxicologists assess and treat poisoning and substance abuse, for example. Particle-cell interactions are interactions resulting from the physical and chemical contact of nanoparticles with biological cells. Nanoparticle–cell interactions play an important role in the targeted delivery of therapeutics to a tissue and in nanotoxicology. Ecotoxicology is an interdisciplinary field that draws from knowledge and techniques in the fields of ecology and toxicology to study the effects of toxic chemical or biological agents on biological organisms at the population, community or ecosystem level. Immunotoxicity refers to the adverse effects on the structure or functioning of the immune system, or on other systems as a result of immune system dysfunction, caused by exposure to any toxic substance." ;
knowmak:keywords "Cell particle interactions",
"Computational toxicology",
"Ecotoxicology",
"Immunotoxicity",
"Medical toxicology",
"Occupational toxicity",
"Regulation of nanotoxicology" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 97 ;
rdf:Description "Computational toxicology is a branch of toxicology concerned with the development and use of computer-based models to understand and predict the interactions of biological organisms (at population, individual, cellular, and molecular levels) with pollutants in the air, water, soil and food, and their adverse health effects that they may cause.",
"Ecotoxicology is an interdisciplinary field that draws from knowledge and techniques in the fields of ecology and toxicology to study the effects of toxic chemical or biological agents on biological organisms at the population, community or ecosystem level.",
"Immunotoxicity refers to the adverse effects on the structure or functioning of the immune system, or on other systems as a result of immune system dysfunction, caused by exposure to any toxic substance.",
"Medical toxicology is a branch of toxicology that focuses on the diagnosis, management and prevention of adverse health effects resulting from medications or from exposure to toxic chemical or biological agents. Medical toxicologists assess and treat poisoning and substance abuse, for example.",
"Nanotoxicology is a branch of toxicology concerned with the study of the toxicity of nanomaterials, which can be divided into those derived from combustion processes (like diesel soot), manufacturing processes (such as spray drying or grinding) and naturally occurring processes (such as volcanic eruptions or atmospheric reactions).",
"Particle-cell interactions are interactions resulting from the physical and chemical contact of nanoparticles with biological cells. Nanoparticle–cell interactions play an important role in the targeted delivery of therapeutics to a tissue and in nanotoxicology." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "nanotoxicology" .
knowmak:nature-reference a owl:ObjectProperty .
knowmak:noise a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Noise",
"noise" ;
knowmak:description "Noise pollution." ;
knowmak:keywords "auditory effect of noise",
"construction noise",
"non-auditory effect of noise",
"sound pollution",
"traffic noise",
"transportation noise" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 98 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:climate_change_and_the_environment ;
skos:prefLabel "noise pollution" .
knowmak:novel_composites a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Novel composites" ;
knowmak:description "Polymer composites, continuous fiber ceramic composites, metal matrix composites, nanocomposites, nanopowders, metal fullerenes and nanotubes. Novel composites." ;
knowmak:keywords "continuous fiber ceramic composites",
"metal fullerenes",
"metal matrix composites",
"nanocomposites",
"nanopowders",
"nanotubes",
"polymer composites" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 99 ;
rdf:Description "polymer composites, continuous fiber ceramic composites, metal matrix composites, nanocomposites, nanopowders, metal fullerenes and nanotubes," ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_materials ;
skos:prefLabel "novel composites" .
knowmak:nuclear_energy a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nuclear energy" ;
knowmak:description "Nuclear energy." ;
knowmak:keywords "binding energy",
"nuclear binding energy",
"nuclear fission",
"nuclear fuel",
"nuclear fusion",
"nuclear weapon" ;
knowmak:provenance "Manual" ;
knowmak:topicID 100 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "nuclear energy" .
knowmak:nucleic_acid_therapeutics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nucleic acid therapeutics" ;
knowmak:description "Nucleic acid therapeutics are based on nucleic acids or closely related chemical compounds. They include antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers and small interfering RNAs, and are typically considered in cases where specific inhibition of the function of a particular gene involved in disease is thought to be therapeutically desirable." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 101 ;
rdf:Description "Nucleic acid therapeutics are based on nucleic acids or closely related chemical compounds. They include antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers and small interfering RNAs, and are typically considered in cases where specific inhibition of the function of a particular gene involved in disease is thought to be therapeutically desirable." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "nucleic acid therapeutics" .
knowmak:ocean_energy a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Ocean energy" ;
knowmak:description "Ocean energy." ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 102 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "ocean energy" .
knowmak:oligo_delivery a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Oligo delivery" ;
knowmak:description "Oligonucleotide delivery is a method by which oligonucleotides are delivered into cells, or targeted to specific cell types, tissues or organs. This tool might be used, for example, to silence the expression of a gene. Both liposomes and nanoparticles — particles of 1-100nm in size — have been used for oligonucleotide delivery. Oligo delivery." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 103 ;
rdf:Description "Oligonucleotide delivery is a method by which oligonucleotides are delivered into cells, or targeted to specific cell types, tissues or organs. This tool might be used, for example, to silence the expression of a gene. Both liposomes and nanoparticles — particles of 1-100nm in size — have been used for oligonucleotide delivery." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "oligo delivery" .
knowmak:optical_materials_and_structures a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Optical materials and structures" ;
knowmak:description "Microresonators are micrometre-scale structures for confining light. Light is reflected internally at the edges of the resonator. This creates a series of standing-wave optical modes, or resonances, similar to those that can exist on a vibrating guitar string. Microresonators can provide the optical feedback required in semiconductor lasers. Silicon photonics is the study of the optical properties of the group-IV semiconductor and the design and fabrication of devices for generating, manipulating and detecting light. Silicon is prevalent in photodetectors, solar cells in particular. However, its indirect band structure means that it is not a natural creator of light. Optical materials and structures are substances used to manipulate the flow of light. This can include reflecting, absorbing, focusing or splitting an optical beam. The efficiency of a specific material at each task is strongly wavelength dependent, thus a full understanding of the interaction between light and matter is vital. Photonic crystals are periodic optical structures that can control the flow of light. Multiple reflections from surfaces separated by a distance similar to the wavelength prevent an optical beam from propagating through the crystal. Photonic crystal devices can therefore force light around sharp bands or even trap it entirely. Nanocavities are nanometre-scale structures for trapping light. Concentrating light into such a small volume increases the strength of light–matter interactions, and can alter the spontaneous emission from a light source inside the cavity. Cavities can be created using photonic crystals or nanowires, for example. Quantum dots are crystals of a fluorescent semiconductor material with a diameter of as few as 10 to 100 atoms (2-10 nm). They are used as labels for imaging molecules because of their very narrow fluorescence spectra, brightness and resistance to photobleaching. Liquid crystals are substances that flow like a liquid but maintain some of the ordered structure of crystals. Liquid-crystal molecules tend to be elongated and to orient in specific directions." ;
knowmak:keywords "Liquid crystals",
"Microresonators",
"Nanocavities",
"Nanophotonic resonator",
"Optical microcavity",
"Opticals",
"Photonic crystals",
"Quantum dots",
"Silicon photonics",
"optical properties of diamond" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 104 ;
rdf:Description "Liquid crystals are substances that flow like a liquid but maintain some of the ordered structure of crystals. Liquid-crystal molecules tend to be elongated and to orient in specific directions.",
"Microresonators are micrometre-scale structures for confining light. Light is reflected internally at the edges of the resonator. This creates a series of standing-wave optical modes, or resonances, similar to those that can exist on a vibrating guitar string. Microresonators can provide the optical feedback required in semiconductor lasers.",
"Nanocavities are nanometre-scale structures for trapping light. Concentrating light into such a small volume increases the strength of light–matter interactions, and can alter the spontaneous emission from a light source inside the cavity. Cavities can be created using photonic crystals or nanowires, for example.",
"Optical materials and structures are substances used to manipulate the flow of light. This can include reflecting, absorbing, focusing or splitting an optical beam. The efficiency of a specific material at each task is strongly wavelength dependent, thus a full understanding of the interaction between light and matter is vital.",
"Photonic crystals are periodic optical structures that can control the flow of light. Multiple reflections from surfaces separated by a distance similar to the wavelength prevent an optical beam from propagating through the crystal. Photonic crystal devices can therefore force light around sharp bands or even trap it entirely.",
"Quantum dots are crystals of a fluorescent semiconductor material with a diameter of as few as 10 to 100 atoms (2-10 nm). They are used as labels for imaging molecules because of their very narrow fluorescence spectra, brightness and resistance to photobleaching.",
"Silicon photonics is the study of the optical properties of the group-IV semiconductor and the design and fabrication of devices for generating, manipulating and detecting light. Silicon is prevalent in photodetectors, solar cells in particular. However, its indirect band structure means that it is not a natural creator of light." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:optics_and_photonics ;
skos:prefLabel "optical materials and structures" .
knowmak:optical_metrology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Optical metrology" ;
knowmak:description "Optical metrology is using light to set the standards that define units of measurement and for other high-precision research. Optical clocks, for example, have the potential to define the unit of time — the second — to a more precise degree than is possible in the atomic clocks used at present. Solitons are waves with just a single crest. They result when a wave’s natural tendency to spread as it propagates is cancelled out by an inherently nonlinear phenomenon known as self-focusing. This means that solitons can travel a long distance whilst maintaining their same shape." ;
knowmak:keywords "Solitons" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 105 ;
rdf:Description "Optical metrology is using light to set the standards that define units of measurement and for other high-precision research. Optical clocks, for example, have the potential to define the unit of time — the second — to a more precise degree than is possible in the atomic clocks used at present.",
"Solitons are waves with just a single crest. They result when a wave’s natural tendency to spread as it propagates is cancelled out by an inherently nonlinear phenomenon known as self-focusing. This means that solitons can travel a long distance whilst maintaining their same shape." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:optics_and_photonics ;
skos:prefLabel "optical metrology" .
knowmak:optical_physics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Optical physics" ;
knowmak:description "Quantum optics is the study of how individual quanta of light, known as photons, interact with atoms and molecules. This includes studying the particle-like properties of photons. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing. Nonlinear optics is the study of how intense light interacts with matter. The optical response of a material usually scales linearly with the amplitude of the electric field. At high powers, however, the material properties can change more rapidly. This leads to nonlinear effects including self-focusing, solitons and high-harmonic generation. Slow light is an electromagnetic wave with a group velocity reduced by optical resonances in the medium through which it is travelling. These resonances can occur in atomic vapours, in photonic crystals, and by taking advantage of nonlinear optical process in optical fibres. Slow light could find a practical application in optical memories. Supercontinuum generation is a combination of nonlinear optical effects that spectrally broaden an initially nearly monochromatic laser beam. This can be achieved, for example, by sending a short intense burst of light along a photonic-crystal optical fibre. Supercontinuum generation is used to provide intense sources of white light. Ultrafast photonics is the study of light and its interaction with matter on short timescales, typically less than a picosecond. This includes investigating processes that occur in atoms and molecules, such as the dynamics and correlations between electrons during ionization, and often employs ultrafast lasers or mode-locked lasers. Magneto-optics is the use of magnetic fields to influence light propagation. This usually involves changing the physical properties of the medium through which the light is travelling. An example is the Faraday effect in which the polarization of light is rotated by an angle proportional to the magnetic-field strength. Terahertz optics is a branch of optics and photonics that studies electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.1 and 1 millimetre, so-called because this corresponds to a frequency of approximately one terahertz (a trillion hertz). Terahertz radiation is relevant for applications in security screening. Nanophotonics and plasmonics is the study of light at the nanometre-scale. Light can only be focused to a spot roughly half its wavelength in size (a few hundred nanometres for visible light). This limit can be surpassed by coupling light to electrons at the surface of a metal and creating surface plasmons. Sub-wavelength optics is the study of light on a spatial scale smaller than its wavelength. Conventionally, the minimum length scale on which a beam of light can operate is equal to half its wavelength. However, by coupling light to matter, photonic effects can be realised on a much smaller spatial scale. Optical physics is the study of the fundamental properties of light and its interaction with matter. This includes classical optical phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference, and also studying the quantum mechanical properties of individual packets of lights known as photons. Polaritons are hybrid particles made up of a photon strongly coupled to an electric dipole. Examples of such a dipole include an electron–hole pair in a semiconductor, which forms an exciton polariton, and the oscillating electrons at the surface of a metal, which creates a surface-plasmon polariton. X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.01 and 10 nanometres. X-rays offer an important method for investigating the atomic structure of crystalline materials and nanometre-scale structures. Distant galaxies and clusters can be detected by the X-rays they emit. Atom optics is the study of the wave-like properties of beams of atoms. Wave–particle duality — a central principle of quantum mechanics — implies that effects traditionally associated with waves, such as interference and diffraction, can also be observed with an individual particle. Solitons are waves with just a single crest. They result when a wave’s natural tendency to spread as it propagates is cancelled out by an inherently nonlinear phenomenon known as self-focusing. This means that solitons can travel a long distance whilst maintaining their same shape. Transformation optics is a technique that simplifies the modelling of optical devices by altering the coordinate system, warping space to control the trajectories of light rays. The mathematical tool has proved particularly useful in the development of metamaterials. Micro-optics are optical systems that are between a few micrometres and a millimetre in size. This includes small lenses or arrays of lenses, or optical fibres with a microscale core diameter. Such small optical components are important for integrated optics." ;
knowmak:keywords "Atom optics",
"High-harmonic generation",
"Magneto optics",
"Magneto-optic",
"Micro optics",
"Microlens",
"Nanophotonics and plasmonics",
"Nonlinear optics",
"Photon",
"Polaritons",
"Quantum effects",
"Quantum optics",
"Single photons and quantum effects",
"Slow light",
"Solitons",
"Sub wavelength optics",
"Supercontinuum",
"Supercontinuum generation",
"Terahertz optics",
"Transformation optics",
"Ultrafast photonics",
"X rays",
"X-rays",
"magneto-optics",
"micro-optics",
"sub-wavelength optics" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 106 ;
rdf:Description "Atom optics is the study of the wave-like properties of beams of atoms. Wave–particle duality — a central principle of quantum mechanics — implies that effects traditionally associated with waves, such as interference and diffraction, can also be observed with an individual particle.",
"Magneto-optics is the use of magnetic fields to influence light propagation. This usually involves changing the physical properties of the medium through which the light is travelling. An example is the Faraday effect in which the polarization of light is rotated by an angle proportional to the magnetic-field strength.",
"Micro-optics are optical systems that are between a few micrometres and a millimetre in size. This includes small lenses or arrays of lenses, or optical fibres with a microscale core diameter. Such small optical components are important for integrated optics.",
"Nanophotonics and plasmonics is the study of light at the nanometre-scale. Light can only be focused to a spot roughly half its wavelength in size (a few hundred nanometres for visible light). This limit can be surpassed by coupling light to electrons at the surface of a metal and creating surface plasmons.",
"Nonlinear optics is the study of how intense light interacts with matter. The optical response of a material usually scales linearly with the amplitude of the electric field. At high powers, however, the material properties can change more rapidly. This leads to nonlinear effects including self-focusing, solitons and high-harmonic generation.",
"Optical physics is the study of the fundamental properties of light and its interaction with matter. This includes classical optical phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference, and also studying the quantum mechanical properties of individual packets of lights known as photons.",
"Polaritons are hybrid particles made up of a photon strongly coupled to an electric dipole. Examples of such a dipole include an electron–hole pair in a semiconductor, which forms an exciton polariton, and the oscillating electrons at the surface of a metal, which creates a surface-plasmon polariton.",
"Quantum optics is the study of how individual quanta of light, known as photons, interact with atoms and molecules. This includes studying the particle-like properties of photons. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.",
"Slow light is an electromagnetic wave with a group velocity reduced by optical resonances in the medium through which it is travelling. These resonances can occur in atomic vapours, in photonic crystals, and by taking advantage of nonlinear optical process in optical fibres. Slow light could find a practical application in optical memories.",
"Solitons are waves with just a single crest. They result when a wave’s natural tendency to spread as it propagates is cancelled out by an inherently nonlinear phenomenon known as self-focusing. This means that solitons can travel a long distance whilst maintaining their same shape.",
"Sub-wavelength optics is the study of light on a spatial scale smaller than its wavelength. Conventionally, the minimum length scale on which a beam of light can operate is equal to half its wavelength. However, by coupling light to matter, photonic effects can be realised on a much smaller spatial scale.",
"Supercontinuum generation is a combination of nonlinear optical effects that spectrally broaden an initially nearly monochromatic laser beam. This can be achieved, for example, by sending a short intense burst of light along a photonic-crystal optical fibre. Supercontinuum generation is used to provide intense sources of white light.",
"Terahertz optics is a branch of optics and photonics that studies electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.1 and 1 millimetre, so-called because this corresponds to a frequency of approximately one terahertz (a trillion hertz). Terahertz radiation is relevant for applications in security screening,",
"Transformation optics is a technique that simplifies the modelling of optical devices by altering the coordinate system, warping space to control the trajectories of light rays. The mathematical tool has proved particularly useful in the development of metamaterials.",
"Ultrafast photonics is the study of light and its interaction with matter on short timescales, typically less than a picosecond. This includes investigating processes that occur in atoms and molecules, such as the dynamics and correlations between electrons during ionization, and often employs ultrafast lasers or mode-locked lasers.",
"X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.01 and 10 nanometres. X-rays offer an important method for investigating the atomic structure of crystalline materials and nanometre-scale structures. Distant galaxies and clusters can be detected by the X-rays they emit." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:optics_and_photonics ;
skos:prefLabel "optical physics" .
knowmak:optical_techniques a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Optical techniques" ;
knowmak:description "Microscopy refers to any method used to acquire images of nearby objects at resolutions that greatly exceed the resolving ability of the unaided human eye. Object visualization may be mediated by light or electron beams using optical or magnetic lenses respectively, or through the use of a physical scanning probe that measures one of a wide range of different sample characteristics. Optical techniques are methods that use light to probe or control matter. One prominent example is optical spectroscopy, which includes such methods as pump–probe spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoemission spectroscopy. Other examples of optical techniques are microscopy, interferometry, ellipsometry, optical tweezers, and imaging and sensing. Lithography is the process of transferring a pattern onto a surface. In optical lithography, a physical mask covers a light sensitive film as it is exposed to (usually ultraviolet) radiation. Electron lithography instead draws the pattern by scanning a beam of electrons. A solution then develops the exposed film. Imaging and sensing is the collection and detection of light either emitted or reflected from a target so that a representation of the physical properties of the target can be reproduced in another system. For example, using lenses to focus light from a sample onto a recording detector. Optical spectroscopy encompasses a wide variety of techniques used to study how matter interacts with light. Optical spectroscopy techniques are used in physics, astronomy, chemistry, biology, and associated research fields." ;
knowmak:keywords "Imaging",
"Imaging and sensing",
"Lithography",
"Microscopy",
"Optical manipulation",
"Optical manipulation and tweezers",
"Optical tweezers",
"Spectroscopy",
"optical spectroscopy" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 107 ;
rdf:Description "Imaging and sensing is the collection and detection of light either emitted or reflected from a target so that a representation of the physical properties of the target can be reproduced in another system. For example, using lenses to focus light from a sample onto a recording detector.",
"Lithography is the process of transferring a pattern onto a surface. In optical lithography, a physical mask covers a light sensitive film as it is exposed to (usually ultraviolet) radiation. Electron lithography instead draws the pattern by scanning a beam of electrons. A solution then develops the exposed film.",
"Microscopy refers to any method used to acquire images of nearby objects at resolutions that greatly exceed the resolving ability of the unaided human eye. Object visualization may be mediated by light or electron beams using optical or magnetic lenses respectively, or through the use of a physical scanning probe that measures one of a wide range of different sample characteristics.",
"Optical spectroscopy encompasses a wide variety of techniques used to study how matter interacts with light. Optical spectroscopy techniques are used in physics, astronomy, chemistry, biology, and associated research fields.",
"Optical techniques are methods that use light to probe or control matter. One prominent example is optical spectroscopy, which includes such methods as pump–probe spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoemission spectroscopy. Other examples of optical techniques are microscopy, interferometry, ellipsometry, optical tweezers, and imaging and sensing." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:optics_and_photonics ;
skos:prefLabel "optical techniques" .
knowmak:optofluidics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Optofluidics" ;
knowmak:description "Optofluidics is the use of light to control the flow of fluids, particularly at the micrometre scale. A notable application of this technology is in so-called lab-on-a-chip devices: miniature systems for analysing and sorting particles and cells. Optofluidics also uses liquids to guide the flow of light." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 109 ;
rdf:Description "Optofluidics is the use of light to control the flow of fluids, particularly at the micrometre scale. A notable application of this technology is in so-called lab-on-a-chip devices: miniature systems for analysing and sorting particles and cells. Optofluidics also uses liquids to guide the flow of light." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:optics_and_photonics ;
skos:prefLabel "optofluidics" .
knowmak:packaging a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Packaging" ;
knowmak:description "Packaging." ;
knowmak:keywords "biotechnology in packaging design",
"characteristics of plastic",
"chemical research on characteristics of plastic",
"consumer plastics",
"food packaging",
"packaging design",
"packaging of food",
"plastics reduction",
"plastics strategy",
"reduction of packaging",
"reduction of plastics",
"research on characteristics of plastic",
"reusable packaging",
"reusable packing",
"reuse of packing items" ;
knowmak:provenance "Missions" ;
knowmak:topicID 110 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:climate_change_and_the_environment ;
skos:prefLabel "packaging" .
knowmak:passive_electronic_material knowmak:keywords "MLC",
"MLC material",
"MLCC termination",
"SLC electrode",
"aluminium electrolytic capacitor",
"aluminum electrolytic capacitor",
"conductor",
"electrode",
"encapsulant",
"multilayer capacitor",
"multilayer capacitor material",
"palladium",
"passive electronic components",
"resistor",
"ruthenium",
"ruthenium oxide",
"ruythenate pyrochlore thick film metallizations",
"tantalite",
"tantalum capacitor",
"tantalum ore" .
knowmak:passive_electronic_materials a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Passive electronic materials" ;
knowmak:description "Passive electronic materials." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 111 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "passive electronic materials" .
knowmak:patentKeywords a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:personalized_medicine a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Personalized medicine" ;
knowmak:description "Personalized medicine." ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs" ;
knowmak:topicID 112 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:health ;
skos:prefLabel "personalized medicine" .
knowmak:pharmaceuticals a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Pharmaceuticals" ;
knowmak:description "Pharmaceuticals." ;
knowmak:keywords "antibiotic",
"carbamazepine",
"diclofenac",
"drug",
"drug discovery",
"drug resistance",
"medication",
"medicinal preparation",
"medicine",
"multidrug resistance",
"pharmacology",
"synthetic drug",
"tetracycline" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 113 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:health ;
skos:prefLabel "pharmaceuticals" .
knowmak:photoacoustics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Photoacoustics" ;
knowmak:description "Photoacoustics is the study of vibrations induced in matter by light. Laser light causes localised heating when it is absorbed by a surface. This in turn makes the target area expand and sends a pressure wave through the rest of the material. This effect enables imaging of opaque systems, particularly biological samples." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 114 ;
rdf:Description "Photoacoustics is the study of vibrations induced in matter by light. Laser light causes localised heating when it is absorbed by a surface. This in turn makes the target area expand and sends a pressure wave through the rest of the material. This effect enables imaging of opaque systems, particularly biological samples." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:optics_and_photonics ;
skos:prefLabel "photoacoustics" .
knowmak:photonics_based_communication_technologies a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Photonics based communication technologies",
"Photonics-based communication technologies" ;
knowmak:description "Photonics-based communication technologies." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 115 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "photonics-based communication technologies" .
knowmak:photonics_for_manufacturing a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Photonics for manufacturing" ;
knowmak:description "Photonics for manufacturing. Photonics in manufacturing." ;
knowmak:keywords "Photolithographic technologies",
"Pv substrate and wafer manufacturing technologies",
"wafer manufacturing technologies" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 116 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_manufacturing_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "photonics in manufacturing" .
knowmak:photovoltaics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Photovoltaics" ;
knowmak:description "Photovoltaics." ;
knowmak:keywords "concentrated solar power" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 117 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "photovoltaics" .
knowmak:pollution_and_health knowmak:keywords "beach litter",
"garbage patches",
"impact of marine litter on animal health",
"impact of marine litter on animals",
"impact of marine litter on health",
"impact of marine litter on human and animal health",
"impact of marine litter on human health",
"impact of marine litter on humans",
"marine pollution",
"ocean pollution",
"oceans, health and wellbeing",
"plastic ocean pollution",
"plastic pollution",
"water pollution" .
knowmak:poverty a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Poverty" ;
knowmak:description "Poverty." ;
knowmak:provenance "Social Innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 118 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "poverty" .
knowmak:power_electronics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Power electronics" ;
knowmak:description "Power electronics." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 119 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "power electronics" .
knowmak:preventing_disease a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Preventing disease" ;
knowmak:H2020_objective "SC1-PM-01-2016 Multi omics for personalised therapies addressing diseases of the immune system",
"SC1-PM-02-2017: New concepts in patient stratification",
"SC1-PM-03-2017: Diagnostic characterisation of rare diseases",
"SC1-PM-04-2016: Networking and optimising the use of population and patient cohorts at EU level",
"SC1-PM-05-2016: The European Human Biomonitoring Initiative",
"SC1-PM-06-2016: Vaccine development for malaria and/or neglected infectious diseases",
"SC1-PM-07-2017: Promoting mental health and well-being in the young" ;
knowmak:description "Understanding health, well-being and disease. Disease prevention. Preventing disease." ;
knowmak:keywords "characterisation of rare diseases",
"healthy food",
"mental health",
"optimising patient cohorts",
"patient stratification",
"preventing disease",
"understanding disease",
"understanding health",
"unhealthy food",
"vaccine development",
"vaccine development for malaria" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 120 ;
rdf:Description "Preventing disease",
"Understanding health, well-being and disease" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:health ;
skos:prefLabel "disease prevention" .
knowmak:projectKeywords a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:protein_and_peptide_delivery a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Protein and peptide delivery" ;
knowmak:description "Peptide delivery is a method by which peptides are delivered into cells. Peptides could be used as drugs, for example to treat bacterial infections. Nanoparticles — particles of 1-100nm in size — and specially designed polymers have been used to deliver peptides into cells. Protein delivery is the suite of methods by which proteins can be introduced into cells. Proteins can be exploited to produce potentially highly specific drugs. Protein delivery methods must maintain bioavailability and activity of proteins and should not be toxic. Protein and peptide delivery." ;
knowmak:keywords "drug delivery",
"peptide delivery",
"protein delivery" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 121 ;
rdf:Description "Peptide delivery is a method by which peptides are delivered into cells. Peptides could be used as drugs, for example to treat bacterial infections. Nanoparticles — particles of 1-100nm in size — and specially designed polymers have been used to deliver peptides into cells.",
"Protein delivery is the suite of methods by which proteins can be introduced into cells. Proteins can be exploited to produce potentially highly specific drugs. Protein delivery methods must maintain bioavailability and activity of proteins and should not be toxic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "protein and peptide delivery" .
knowmak:proteomics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Proteomics" ;
knowmak:description "Protein–protein interaction networks are the networks of protein complexes formed by biochemical events and/or electrostatic forces and that serve a distinct biological function as a complex. The protein interactome describes the full repertoire of a biological system’s protein–protein interactions (PPIs). Proteomics refers to the study of proteomes, but is also used to describe the techniques used to determine the entire set of proteins of an organism or system, such as protein purification and mass spectrometry." ;
knowmak:keywords "Protein protein interaction networks",
"protein–protein interaction networks" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 122 ;
rdf:Description "Protein–protein interaction networks are the networks of protein complexes formed by biochemical events and/or electrostatic forces and that serve a distinct biological function as a complex. The protein interactome describes the full repertoire of a biological system’s protein–protein interactions (PPIs).",
"Proteomics refers to the study of proteomes, but is also used to describe the techniques used to determine the entire set of proteins of an organism or system, such as protein purification and mass spectrometry." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "proteomics" .
knowmak:provenance a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:public_safety_communication a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Public safety communication",
"public safety communication" ;
knowmak:description "Public security communication. Public safety communication." ;
knowmak:keywords "Mission critical push-to-talk",
"cognitive radio",
"device-to-device communications",
"emergency communications",
"proximity services",
"public protection and disaster relief",
"public safety communication network",
"public safety network",
"terrestrial trunked radio",
"tetrapol" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 123 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:security ;
skos:prefLabel "public security communication" .
knowmak:pulp_and_paper knowmak:keywords "pulp and paper" .
knowmak:rail_transport a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Rail transport",
"railway" ;
knowmak:description "Rail transport. Railways." ;
knowmak:patentKeywords "Railways" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 124 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:transport ;
skos:prefLabel "rail transport" .
knowmak:regenerative_medicine a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Regenerative medicine" ;
knowmak:description "Regenerative medicine is the branch of medicine that develops methods to regrow, repair or replace damaged or diseased cells, organs or tissues. Regenerative medicine includes the generation and use of therapeutic stem cells, tissue engineering and the production of artificial organs." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 126 ;
rdf:Description "Regenerative medicine is the branch of medicine that develops methods to regrow, repair or replace damaged or diseased cells, organs or tissues. Regenerative medicine includes the generation and use of therapeutic stem cells, tissue engineering and the production of artificial organs." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "regenerative medicine" .
knowmak:renewable_heating_and_cooling a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Renewable heating and cooling",
"renewable cooling",
"renewable heating" ;
knowmak:description "Renewable heating and cooling. Renewable cooling." ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 127 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "renewable heating and cooling" .
knowmak:rf_technologies a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "RF technologies",
"Rf technologies" ;
knowmak:description "Radio frequency technologies. RF technologies." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 128 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "radio frequency technologies" .
knowmak:security_monitoring a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Security monitoring" ;
knowmak:description "Security monitoring." ;
knowmak:keywords "space surveillance" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 131 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:security ;
skos:prefLabel "security monitoring" .
knowmak:semiconductor_materials_technologies a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Semiconductor materials technologies" ;
knowmak:description "Semiconductor materials technologies." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 132 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "semiconductor materials technologies" .
knowmak:sensor_technologies a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Sensor technologies" ;
knowmak:description "Sensor technologies." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 133 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics ;
skos:prefLabel "sensor technologies" .
knowmak:sequencing a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Sequencing" ;
knowmak:description "DNA sequencing is any chemical, enzymatic or technological procedure for determining the linear order of nucleotide bases in DNA. Sanger sequencing by replicative synthesis in the presence of dideoxy nucleotide chain terminator monomers has now given way to 'next generation' sequencing by short parallel read technologies. The term often applies to the entire sequence determination pipeline including post-sequencing software analysis. Polysaccharide sequencing refers to the determination of the sequence of polysaccharides. This is more complex than sequencing some other biopolymers as although many polysaccharides are linear, many also have branches. Additionally there are many monosaccharides which can each be bonded in different ways by different enzymes. Techniques for determining polysaccharide structures include NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. RNA sequencing refers to techniques used to determine the sequence of RNA molecules. It includes high-throughput shotgun sequencing of cDNA molecules obtained by reverse transcription from RNA, and next-generation sequencing technologies to sequence the RNA molecules within a biological sample in an effort to determine the primary sequence and relative abundance of each RNA molecule. Protein sequencing refers to methods for determining the amino acid sequence of proteins (or peptides) and analysis of the sequence, for example to infer protein conformation. Techniques include mass spectrometry and the Edman degradation reaction as well as prediction of the protein sequence from the encoding DNA or mRNA sequence. Next-generation sequencing refers to non-Sanger-based high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies. Millions or billions of DNA strands can be sequenced in parallel, yielding substantially more throughput and minimizing the need for the fragment-cloning methods that are often used in Sanger sequencing of genomes. Targeted resequencing is a method that aims to identify causative mutations within discrete genomic loci in populations by isolating and sequencing genomic regions of interest from a sample library. It is one of the fastest growing applications for next-generation sequencing technologies. Sequencing refers to the techniques used to determine the primary structure of an unbranched biopolymer (DNA, RNA, protein, carbohydrate) resulting in a symbolic linear depiction of the monomeric subunits which summarizes much of the atomic-level structure of the molecule. Sequence annotation is the process of marking specific features in a DNA, RNA or protein sequence with descriptive information about structure or function." ;
knowmak:keywords "DNA sequencing",
"Next-generation sequencing",
"Polysaccharide sequencing",
"Protein sequencing",
"RNA sequencing",
"Sequence annotation",
"Targeted resequencing" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 134 ;
rdf:Description "DNA sequencing is any chemical, enzymatic or technological procedure for determining the linear order of nucleotide bases in DNA. Sanger sequencing by replicative synthesis in the presence of dideoxy nucleotide chain terminator monomers has now given way to 'next generation' sequencing by short parallel read technologies. The term often applies to the entire sequence determination pipeline including post-sequencing software analysis.",
"Next-generation sequencing refers to non-Sanger-based high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies. Millions or billions of DNA strands can be sequenced in parallel, yielding substantially more throughput and minimizing the need for the fragment-cloning methods that are often used in Sanger sequencing of genomes.",
"Polysaccharide sequencing refers to the determination of the sequence of polysaccharides. This is more complex than sequencing some other biopolymers as although many polysaccharides are linear, many also have branches. Additionally there are many monosaccharides which can each be bonded in different ways by different enzymes. Techniques for determining polysaccharide structures include NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis.",
"Protein sequencing refers to methods for determining the amino acid sequence of proteins (or peptides) and analysis of the sequence, for example to infer protein conformation. Techniques include mass spectrometry and the Edman degradation reaction as well as prediction of the protein sequence from the encoding DNA or mRNA sequence.",
"RNA sequencing refers to techniques used to determine the sequence of RNA molecules. It includes high-throughput shotgun sequencing of cDNA molecules obtained by reverse transcription from RNA, and next-generation sequencing technologies to sequence the RNA molecules within a biological sample in an effort to determine the primary sequence and relative abundance of each RNA molecule.",
"Sequence annotation is the process of marking specific features in a DNA, RNA or protein sequence with descriptive information about structure or function.",
"Sequencing refers to the techniques used to determine the primary structure of an unbranched biopolymer (DNA, RNA, protein, carbohydrate) resulting in a symbolic linear depiction of the monomeric subunits which summarizes much of the atomic-level structure of the molecule.",
"Targeted resequencing is a method that aims to identify causative mutations within discrete genomic loci in populations by isolating and sequencing genomic regions of interest from a sample library. It is one of the fastest growing applications for next-generation sequencing technologies." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "DNA sequencing" .
knowmak:smart_cities_and_communities a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Smart cities and communities",
"smart communities" ;
knowmak:description "Sustainable development of urban areas is a challenge of key importance. It requires new, efficient, and user-friendly technologies and services, in particular in the areas of energy, transport and ICT. However, these solutions need integrated approaches, both in terms of research and development of advanced technological solutions, as well as deployment. The focus on smart cities technologies will result in commercial-scale solutions with a high market potential. Smart cities and communities. Smart communities." ;
knowmak:keywords "delay tolerant network",
"energy collective",
"local energy production",
"microgrid",
"mobile sink",
"off-grid",
"opportunistic network",
"sensor network",
"smart working",
"solar panels",
"underwater acoustic sensor network",
"vanets",
"vehicular ad hoc network",
"wireless multimedia sensor network" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 135 ;
rdf:Description "Sustainable development of urban areas is a challenge of key importance. It requires new, efficient, and user-friendly technologies and services, in particular in the areas of energy, transport and ICT. However, these solutions need integrated approaches, both in terms of research and development of advanced technological solutions, as well as deployment. The focus on smart cities technologies will result in commercial-scale solutions with a high market potential." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "smart cities" .
knowmak:social_care a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Social care" ;
knowmak:description "Social care and mental health." ;
knowmak:keywords "Alzheimer",
"Alzheimer's",
"anxiety",
"autism",
"dementia",
"depression",
"disability",
"emotional resilience",
"emotional wellbeing",
"handicapped",
"health volunteer",
"health worker",
"hospice",
"hospice workers",
"innovation for home care",
"mental health",
"phobia",
"physical disability" ;
knowmak:provenance "Social Innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 136 ;
rdf:Description "Social care and mental health" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:health ;
skos:prefLabel "social care" .
knowmak:social_inequality a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Race and ethnic inequality",
"Social inequality",
"addressing hate speech and harassment",
"ethnic inequality",
"gender equality",
"gender inequality",
"harrassment",
"hate speech",
"racial inequality",
"social equality" ;
knowmak:description "Reversing inequalities and promoting fairness. Addressing hate speech and harassment. Race and ethnic inequality. Social inequality. Gender inequality. Racial inequality. Social equality. Gender equality. Harrassment." ;
knowmak:keywords "Gini coefficient",
"LGBT",
"LGBTQ",
"accessibility rights",
"addressing hate speech and harrassment",
"alterity",
"anti-discrimination",
"diaspora",
"diasporic",
"disability and inclusion",
"emancipation",
"equal opportunity",
"ethnic inequality",
"evenly distributed wealth",
"feminism",
"gay",
"gender equality",
"gender inequality",
"gendered",
"harrassment",
"hate speech",
"hate speech and harrassment",
"heteronormativity",
"homosexual",
"lesbian",
"marginalisation",
"marginalised social groups",
"meritocracy",
"otherness",
"racial inequality",
"racial prejudice",
"radical ideology",
"religious inequality",
"sexual inequality",
"social class",
"social economy",
"social exclusion",
"social fragility",
"social integration",
"social mobility",
"social power",
"social prejudice",
"social privilege",
"social revolution",
"social rights",
"social status",
"societal polarisation",
"socio-political transformation",
"solidarity economy",
"transgender",
"wealth distribution" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 137 ;
rdf:Description "Reversing inequalities and promoting fairness" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:society ;
skos:prefLabel "social inequality" .
knowmak:software_for_manufacturing a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Software for manufacturing" ;
knowmak:description "Software for manufacturing." ;
knowmak:keywords "AMT Software",
"Advanced design software for manufacturing",
"Advanced manufacturing technology software",
"Logistics supporting software for manufacturing",
"Production supporting software" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 139 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:advanced_manufacturing_technology ;
skos:prefLabel "software for manufacturing" .
knowmak:soil_quality a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Soil quality",
"soil management",
"soil value" ;
knowmak:description "Soil management. Soil quality. Soil value." ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 140 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:climate_change_and_the_environment ;
skos:prefLabel "soil quality" .
knowmak:stem_cell_biotechnology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Stem cell biotechnology" ;
knowmak:description "Stem cell biotechnology is a field of biotechnology that develops tools and therapeutics through modification and engineering of stem cells. Stem cell biotechnology is important in regenerative medicine." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 141 ;
rdf:Description "Stem cell biotechnology is a field of biotechnology that develops tools and therapeutics through modification and engineering of stem cells. Stem cell biotechnology is important in regenerative medicine." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "stem-cell biotechnology" .
knowmak:strictKeywords a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:sustainable_transport a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Sustainable transport" ;
knowmak:description "Sustainable transport." ;
knowmak:keywords "Bio fuels for transport",
"alternative mobility",
"bicycle",
"bike lane",
"bike path",
"biofuels for transport",
"car sharing",
"carpooling",
"electric bus",
"electric car",
"electric trucks",
"electric vehicle",
"electric vehicles",
"emission reduction",
"green transport",
"pedestrian safety",
"sustainable transportation",
"trip sharing" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 142 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:transport ;
skos:prefLabel "sustainable transport" .
knowmak:tissue_engineering a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Tissue engineering" ;
knowmak:description "Tissue engineering is a set of methods that can replace or repair damaged or diseased tissues with natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic tissue mimics. These mimics can either be fully functional or will grow into the required functionality." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 143 ;
rdf:Description "Tissue engineering is a set of methods that can replace or repair damaged or diseased tissues with natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic tissue mimics. These mimics can either be fully functional or will grow into the required functionality." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:industrial_biotechnology ;
skos:prefLabel "tissue engineering" .
knowmak:topicID a owl:DatatypeProperty .
knowmak:trains knowmak:keywords "TGV",
"electric train",
"high-speed train",
"locomotive",
"railway line",
"railway station",
"steam train",
"train carriage",
"train engine",
"train line",
"train station" .
knowmak:transport_infrastructure a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Transport infrastructure" ;
knowmak:description "Conveying; packing; storing; handling thin or filamentary material. Hoisting; lifting; hauling. Transport infrastructure." ;
knowmak:keywords "bike lane",
"bike path",
"roadwork",
"transport logistics" ;
knowmak:patentKeywords "Conveying; packing; storing; handling thin or filamentary material",
"Hoisting; lifting; hauling" ;
knowmak:provenance "SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 145 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:transport ;
skos:prefLabel "transport infrastructure" .
knowmak:treating_and_managing_disease a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Treating and managing disease",
"disease management",
"treating and managing disease" ;
knowmak:H2020_objective "SC1-PM-09-2016: New therapies for chronic diseases",
"SC1-PM-10-2017: Comparing the effectiveness of existing healthcare interventions in the adult population",
"SC1-PM-11-2016-2017: Clinical research on regenerative medicine",
"SC1-PM-22-2016: Addressing the urgent research gaps against the Zika virus and other emerging threats in Latin America" ;
knowmak:description "Treating and managing diseases. Disease management. Disease treatment." ;
knowmak:keywords "Zika virus",
"healthcare interventions",
"managing disease",
"regenerative medicine" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 146 ;
rdf:Description "Treating and managing diseases" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:health ;
skos:prefLabel "disease treatment" .
knowmak:urban_mobility a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Urban mobility" ;
knowmak:description "Urban mobility." ;
knowmak:keywords "active commuting",
"active travel",
"alternative transport",
"bicycle",
"bike lab",
"bike workshop",
"cellular automaton model",
"clean urban electric mobility",
"delay tolerant network",
"electric bus",
"electric car",
"electric vehicle",
"electro-mobility",
"human mobility",
"incentivising electro-mobility",
"low carbon collective transport",
"mobility of disabled",
"mobility of elderly",
"road pricing",
"scooter",
"smart transport",
"streetcar",
"sustainable urban mobility",
"traffic flow",
"tramway",
"transportation for people with reduced mobility",
"vehicular ad hoc network",
"vehicular traffic",
"walkability",
"walking" ;
knowmak:provenance "Social Innovation" ;
knowmak:topicID 147 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:transport ;
skos:prefLabel "urban mobility" .
knowmak:urban_planning knowmak:keywords "city planning",
"integrated urban development" .
knowmak:waste_management_and_recycling a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Waste management and recycling",
"recycling",
"waste management" ;
knowmak:description "Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases. Waste management and recycling." ;
knowmak:keywords "biowaste",
"collection of plastics",
"deep learning for waste separation",
"derelict fishing gear",
"domestic and marine waste",
"domestic waste",
"food waste",
"garbage",
"garbage collection",
"hazardous waste",
"image recognition for waste separation",
"image recognition of waste",
"industrial waste",
"marine debris",
"marine litter",
"marine waste",
"micro-plastic digestion",
"microplastic digestion",
"ocean plastic removal",
"ocean plastics removal",
"oil spills",
"on-sea plastic collection station",
"personalised collection services",
"plastic and micro-plastic digestion mechanism",
"plastic collection",
"plastic collection station",
"plastic digestion",
"plastic digestion mechanism",
"plastic waste",
"plastics-digestion mechanism",
"recycling",
"rubbish",
"rubbish collection",
"trash",
"trash collection",
"waste disposal",
"waste management",
"waste separation system",
"zero waste" ;
knowmak:patentKeywords "Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 148 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:climate_change_and_the_environment ;
skos:prefLabel "waste management and recycling" .
knowmak:water_microbiology knowmak:keywords "biological ocean processes",
"biological ocean resources",
"deep sea resources",
"diversity of marine plants",
"marine biological resources",
"marine ecosystems",
"marine environment",
"marine resources",
"ocean acidification",
"ocean environment",
"ocean habitat",
"ocean processes",
"ocean resources",
"physical and biological ocean processes",
"predicting the effect of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems" .
knowmak:water_resources a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Water resources" ;
knowmak:description "Water resources." ;
knowmak:keywords "prepaid water",
"reliable water",
"water access",
"water cycle",
"water hacks",
"water infrastructure",
"water quality",
"water system",
"water-trucks" ;
knowmak:provenance "Manual" ;
knowmak:topicID 149 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:climate_change_and_the_environment ;
skos:prefLabel "water resources" .
knowmak:water_systems a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Water systems" ;
knowmak:description "Water systems." ;
knowmak:keywords "waste water",
"wastewaster",
"water treatment" ;
knowmak:provenance "Manual" ;
knowmak:topicID 150 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:climate_change_and_the_environment ;
skos:prefLabel "water systems" .
knowmak:wind_energy a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Wind energy" ;
knowmak:description "Wind energy." ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 151 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:energy ;
skos:prefLabel "wind energy" .
knowmak:KET a owl:Class ;
knowmak:description "Key Enabling Technology." ;
rdf:Description "Key Enabling Technology" ;
skos:prefLabel "Key Enabling Technology" .
knowmak:advanced_manufacturing_technology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Advanced Manufacturing Technology",
"Advanced manufacturing technology" ;
knowmak:description "Advanced Manufacturing Technology encompass the use of innovative technology to improve products or processes that drive innovation. It covers two types of technologies: process technology that is used to produce any of the other five KETs, and process technology that is based on robotics, automation technology or computer-integrated manufacturing. For the former, such process technology typically relates to production apparatus, equipment and procedures for the manufacture of specific materials and components. For the latter, process technology includes measuring, control and testing devices for machines, machine tools and various areas of automated or IT-based manufacturing technology. Information processing, information systems. Network technologies. Ict applications." ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Automation",
"Ict applications",
"Information processing, information systems",
"Network technologies",
"Robotics" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx",
"eupro-classes.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 5 ;
rdf:Description "Advanced Manufacturing Technology encompass the use of innovative technology to improve products or processes that drive innovation. It covers two types of technologies: process technology that is used to produce any of the other five KETs, and process technology that is based on robotics, automation technology or computer-integrated manufacturing. For the former, such process technology typically relates to production apparatus, equipment and procedures for the manufacture of specific materials and components. For the latter, process technology includes measuring, control and testing devices for machines, machine tools and various areas of automated or IT-based manufacturing technology." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:KET ;
skos:prefLabel "advanced manufacturing technology" .
knowmak:advanced_materials a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Advanced materials" ;
knowmak:description "Advanced Materials lead both to new reduced cost substitutes to existing materials and to new higher added-value products and services. Advanced Materials offer major improvements in a wide variety of different fields, e.g. in aerospace, transport, building and health care. They facilitate recycling, lowering the carbon footprint and energy demand as well as limiting the need for raw materials that are scarce in Europe." ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 6 ;
rdf:Description "Advanced Materials lead both to new reduced cost substitutes to existing materials and to new higher added-value products and services. Advanced Materials offer major improvements in a wide variety of different fields, e.g. in aerospace, transport, building and health care. They facilitate recycling, lowering the carbon footprint and energy demand as well as limiting the need for raw materials that are scarce in Europe." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:KET ;
skos:prefLabel "advanced materials" .
knowmak:security a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Security" ;
knowmak:description "Security." ;
knowmak:keywords "safety" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 129 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:SGC ;
skos:prefLabel "security" .
knowmak:SGC a owl:Class ;
knowmak:description "Societal Grand Challenge." ;
rdf:Description "Societal Grand Challenge" ;
skos:prefLabel "Societal Grand Challenge" .
knowmak:bioeconomy a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Bioeconomy" ;
knowmak:description "Bioeconomy." ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx",
"eupro-classes.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 22 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:SGC ;
skos:prefLabel "bioeconomy" .
knowmak:climate_change_and_the_environment a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Climate change and the environment",
"environmental protection" ;
knowmak:description "Climate change and carbon cycle research. Climate change and the environment. Environmental protection." ;
knowmak:keywords "climate change",
"global warming",
"pollution" ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Climate change and carbon cycle research" ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx",
"eupro-classes.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 35 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:SGC ;
skos:prefLabel "climate change and the environment" .
knowmak:transport a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Transport" ;
knowmak:description "Transport." ;
knowmak:provenance "Fraunhofer",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx",
"eupro-classes.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 144 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:SGC ;
skos:prefLabel "transport" .
knowmak:health a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Health" ;
knowmak:description "Medicine, health." ;
knowmak:keywords "legal medicine",
"medical research council",
"nursing science" ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Medicine, health" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx",
"eupro-classes.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 66 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:SGC ;
skos:prefLabel "health" .
knowmak:nanoscience_and_technology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Nanoscience and technology",
"Nanoscience-and-technology",
"nanoscience" ;
knowmak:description "Nanoscience and technology is the branch of science that studies systems and manipulates matter on atomic, molecular and supramolecular scales (the nanometre scale). On such a length scale, quantum mechanical and surface boundary effects become relevant, conferring properties on materials that are not observable on larger, macroscopic length scales." ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 94 ;
rdf:Description "Nanoscience and technology is the branch of science that studies systems and manipulates matter on atomic, molecular and supramolecular scales (the nanometre scale). On such a length scale, quantum mechanical and surface boundary effects become relevant, conferring properties on materials that are not observable on larger, macroscopic length scales." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:KET ;
skos:prefLabel "nanoscience and technology" .
knowmak:optics_and_photonics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Optics and photonics" ;
knowmak:description "Optics and photonics is the study of the fundamental properties of light and harnessing them in practical applications. Optics and photonics covers the entire electromagnetic spectrum from high-energy gamma rays and X-rays, through the optical regime of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light, to long-wavelength microwave and radio waves." ;
knowmak:keywords "Optics",
"Photonics" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 108 ;
rdf:Description "Optics and photonics is the study of the fundamental properties of light and harnessing them in practical applications. Optics and photonics covers the entire electromagnetic spectrum from high-energy gamma rays and X-rays, through the optical regime of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light, to long-wavelength microwave and radio waves." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:KET ;
skos:prefLabel "optics and photonics" .
knowmak:micro_and_nano_electronics a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "MNE",
"Micro and nano electronics",
"Micro- and Nano-electronics" ;
knowmak:description "Micro- and Nanoelectronics deal with semiconductor components and/or highly miniaturized electronic subsystems and their integration in larger products and systems. They include the fabrication, the design, the packaging and test from nano-scale transistors to micro-scale systems integrating multiple functions on a chip. Micro- and Nano-electronics. MNE." ;
knowmak:keywords "microelectronics",
"nanoelectronics" ;
knowmak:provenance "KET-top-level-taxonomy.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 84 ;
rdf:Description "Micro- and Nanoelectronics deal with semiconductor components and/or highly miniaturized electronic subsystems and their integration in larger products and systems. They include the fabrication, the design, the packaging and test from nano-scale transistors to micro-scale systems integrating multiple functions on a chip." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:KET ;
skos:prefLabel "micro- and nano-electronics" .
knowmak:society a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Society" ;
knowmak:description "Europe in a changing world - inclusive, innovative and reflective societies. Understanding Europe - promoting the European public and cultural space. Regional development. Information, media. Economic aspects. Social aspects. Society. Safety." ;
knowmak:keywords "European culture",
"city life",
"religion",
"religious community",
"rural life",
"social practices",
"societal benefit",
"society and culture" ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Economic aspects",
"Information, media",
"Regional development",
"Safety",
"Social aspects" ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx",
"eupro-classes.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 138 ;
rdf:Description "Europe in a changing world - inclusive, innovative and reflective societies",
"Understanding Europe - promoting the European public and cultural space" ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:SGC ;
skos:prefLabel "society" .
knowmak:energy a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Energy" ;
knowmak:description "Energy." ;
knowmak:provenance "Policy-Docs",
"SGC-IPC-mapping.xlsx + ipc.xlsx",
"SGC_taxonomy_tree.xlsx",
"eupro-classes.xlsx" ;
knowmak:topicID 47 ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:SGC ;
skos:prefLabel "energy" .
knowmak:industrial_biotechnology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Biotechnology",
"Industrial biotechnology" ;
knowmak:description "Biotechnology is a broad discipline in which biological processes, organisms, cells or cellular components are exploited to develop new technologies. New tools and products developed by biotechnologists are useful in research, agriculture, industry and the clinic. Industrial biotechnology. Medical biotechnology." ;
knowmak:projectKeywords "Industrial biotech",
"Medical biotechnology" ;
knowmak:provenance "Nature" ;
knowmak:topicID 71 ;
rdf:Description "Biotechnology is a broad discipline in which biological processes, organisms, cells or cellular components are exploited to develop new technologies. New tools and products developed by biotechnologists are useful in research, agriculture, industry and the clinic." ;
rdfs:subClassOf knowmak:KET ;
skos:prefLabel "industrial biotechnology" .